The authors offer a new technique that provides a better long-term upper pole fullness to the shape of the breasts following reduction mammoplasty, thus creating an overall more satisfactory aesthetic appearance for both breasts.

Breast↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Histochemical evaluation of placental angiotensinase A in pre-eclampsia: enzyme activity in villous trophoblast indicates an enhanced likelihood of gestational proteinuric hypertension.

The aim of this study was to examine whether differences in placental angiotensinase A (glutamyl aminopeptidase, EC 3.4.11.7) activities occurred in hypertensive complications of pregnancy compared with uncomplicated pregnancies. Biochemical and semiquantitative histochemical methods were used and compared for their applicability. Angiotensinase A activity was detected using L-alpha glutamyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (alpha-Glu-MNA) as substrate and Fast Blue B salt for simultaneous azo-coupling in cryostat sections of placental tissue samples from 32 patients with pre-eclampsia, 11 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and 44 participants with uncomplicated pregnancies. The graduated intensity of reaction product in the villous trophoblast and in fetal blood vessels was evaluated semiquantitatively in a double-blind study by light microscopy (semiquantitative score method). Score levels were related to relative frequencies of hypertensive disorders (proportional odds model) and correlated to the severity of gestational hypertension (Spearman's rank correlation). After detection of enzyme activity, the same tissue samples were homogenized and used for kinetic fluorometric measurements under the same substrate and buffer conditions as in enzyme histochemistry. Enhanced villous trophoblastic angiotensinase A activity was significantly associated with an increased frequency of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women (cumulative odds ratio x 0(1) 6.37; P < 0.001) and showed significant correlations with the severity of gestational hypertensive disorders, represented by systolic (r = 0.31; P < 0.05) and diastolic (r = 0.34; P < 0.05 blood pressure and by concomitant proteinuria (r = 044; P < 0.01). Histochemical evaluation of fetal blood vessels and biochemical measurements revealed no statistically significant results. In conclusion this study demonstrates for the first time that increased villous trophoblastic angiotensinase A activity indicates an increased likelihood of the presence of pre-eclampsia and the severity of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Maturation curve of the ultrasonographic alpha angle according to Graf's untreated hip joint in the first year of life].

In addition to Graf's classification into different hip-types a maturation-curve of the sonographic alpha-angle was established in order to optimize the differentiation between mature hip joints and those ones which need follow-up and those ones which need treatment at any time within the first year of life. The results obtained are confirming our present knowledge about the spontaneous maturation of physiologically immature hip joints: The mean-value of the alpha-angle crosses the 60 degrees-borderline at about the age of two months, then reaches an about 64 degrees-level at about four months. This 64-degrees-level is more or less unchanged up to the end of the first year of life.

Age Factors↗

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[Sonographic screening of neonates' hips. Analysis of the years 1986-1988 and comparison with 1977-1979].

Establishing a sonographical neonate hip screening program in three nearby counties has made us able to simplify our management in socalled "congenital dysplasia of the hip". Earliest diagnosis has led to a percentage of conservative treatment of 95% and therefore to a reduction of surgical interventions and less inpatient treatment. Our results force us to urge a state covering sonographical neonate hip screening done by educated specialists (Orthopaedic surgeons, Paediatricians, Radiologists).

Hip Dislocation, Congenital↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Sonography of the hip in infants].

Because of technical reasons it is rather difficult to differ Typ IIa (+) and Typ IIa (-) before the 6. week alive. In hip sonography there must be decided between dynamic examination and stress-examination. Hip instability can be objectived sonographically by measurement. Only newborn-screening by sonography with consecutive adequate therapy can improve the results remarkable.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems in sonography of the hip (standardized recording technic, measurement errors, therapeutic consequences)].

Classification of disturbances of maturation of the hip by sonography necessitates a standardized recording technique. The possible ways of reproducing a cross-sectional plane through the acetabulum are illustrated and discussed. In the second section possible errors in establishing the lines of measurement are demonstrated and their causes explained. As the authors' experience with over 14.500 hips of infants shows, hip sonography provides completely new insights into the pathomechanism of the luxation process, making it easier than ever to select therapeutic methods appropriate for the maturation disorder in question and the age of the infant.

Acetabulum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Experiences with lengthening the lower leg in dyplasia using the Wagner apparatus].

We report on the elongation of three different dysplasiae of the lower leg by means of Wagner's apparatur. We enter into the particular problems of elongations during the time of growth. The technical procedure as well as the problems of an elongation of dysplastic lower legs are pointed out. The experiences and results gained for the sake of an optimized proceeding in similar cases are discussed in particular.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiology of fixed lumbar lordosis: the lumbar dermoid].

Following a general survey of fixed lumbar lordosis the dermoids, in particular lumbar dermoids and their role in fixed lumbar lordosis, are described. Intralumbar dermoids must be regarded as a genuine rarity. The occurrence of fixed lumbar lordosis may be an early symptom. After radical removal restitutio ad integrum is possible. If any portion is left in situ the risk of recurrence is high. Follow-ups over a number of years are therefore mandatory.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The sonographic evaluation of hip dysplasia using convexity diagnosis].

The authors report on a method of diagnosing up dysplasia by means of echography. For technical reasons only changes in the bony and cartilaginous acetabular convexity can be used to diagnose hip dysplasia. Four basic types of changes are distinguished to which certain angles can be allocated for the purpose of assessment. In addition to this assessment of the shape of the convexity the assessment of the structure of the cartilaginous and bony convexity in the echogram is especially important. The method enables hips to be classified and their development to be followed closely from birth with no radiation exposure; it thus represents an important extension of our diagnostic facilities.

Hip Dislocation, Congenital↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Selective functional vulnerability of cortical neurons following transient MCA-occlusion in the cat.

Simultaneous recordings of several cortical neurons were obtained before, during and after transient 15 min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in cats. With the use of a multiple electrode array consisting of 4-7 platinum/iridium microelectrodes, the cortical pericellular blood flow was concurrently measured by means of the hydrogen clearance technique. Hydrogen clearance measurements revealed a homogeneous blood flow distribution throughout all phases of the experiment in the area covered by the different microelectrodes. Considering only the results of experiments with low residual blood flow during ischemia (less than 0.1 ml/g/min), single unit activity ceased immediately after occlusion and remained so during the ischemic period. The recovery time of action potentials after reperfusion ranged from 10 min to 3 hours depending on the examined neuron. Lower values for discharge rates of the individual cells were generally observed after reoccurrence, although some units exhibited temporarily an even higher spike frequency. Furthermore, the spike form usually changed in that the hyperpolarizing afterpotentials were enlarged after recirculation. However, some cells with a nearly unchanged spike form were found as well. The results indicate that the recovery of cell function largely depends on the individual neuron which supports the idea of a selective functional vulnerability of cortical neurons in response to ischemia.

Action Potentials↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental focal ischemia in cats: changes in multimodality evoked potentials as related to local cerebral blood flow and ischemic brain edema.

Somatosensory and auditory evoked cortical potentials (SEP's and AEP's), regional cerebral blood flow, regional brain water content, and alteration of the blood-brain barrier were investigated in 3 cortical areas during permanent and 1- and 2-hour transient occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery and after restoration of blood flow in cats. During occlusion, blood flow in the auditory cortex was severely suppressed. In the fore limb projection area of the somatosensory cortex, blood flow was moderately reduced while it was nearly unaffected in the hind limb projection area. Despite different degrees of ischemia in the 3 cortical areas, all evoked responses were completely abolished within 10 minutes after occlusion. During permanent occlusion, the pattern of blood flow reduction persisted, and all evoked potentials stayed abolished. Recirculation after occlusion restored blood flow rapidly. AEP's recovered poorly after both 1 and 2 hours of ischemia. SEP's regained normal amplitudes soon after recirculation in the group with 1-hour occlusion. After 2 hours of ischemia, the recovery of SEP's was variable but better than that of the AEP's. Remarkable water accumulation was observed in the auditory cortex of all 3 groups and was accompanied in the 2-hour ischemia group by a disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In the 2-hour group, water accumulation was also found in the subcortical white matter radiation, whereas significant changes in regional water content were not observed in the somatosensory areas. The present study indicates that abolition of SEP's during middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats is caused by lesions in the afferent pathway leading to cortical deafferentation rather than by cortical ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Graf reference standard, a "standard sector", in ultrasound examination of anatomic preparations of infant acetabuli].

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Acetabulum↗