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Biomedical subjects

R Goulding

Publications and source records attributed to R Goulding.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Poisons information services: a look ahead.

1. Following the establishment, in the USA, of the first poisons information centre, in 1953, the movement has grown globally. Originally, such a service was intended to meet an emergency need. Its efficacy has still not been objectively audited. 2. The suggestion now is that clinical toxicology has become such a diverse subject within the community that simply answering emergency calls over the telephone is not enough. Instead, expertly staffed clinical toxicology units should be set up to cater for much wider problems.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Organochlorine pesticide residues in human fat in the United Kingdom 1982-1983.

Between December 1982 and October 1983 samples of human body fat were taken during routine necropsies carried out on 187 persons aged over 5 years and four infants aged under 4 months. Comparison of the results of analysis with those from the previous studies in 1976-1977, and earlier, shows a continuing decline in residues of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and dieldrin (HEOD) and a reduction in the amounts of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltichloroethane [p,p'-DDE, a metabolite of p,p'-DDT] and hexachlorobenzene. The concentrations of other compounds were similar to those observed in the previous studies. The results show that the amounts of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyl compounds contained in human fat samples from residents in the UK compare favourably with data obtained in other countries.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Poisoning on the farm.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Organochlorine pesticide residues in human fat in the United Kingdom 1976-7.

Between May 1976 and August 1977 samples of human body fat were taken during routine necropsies in the United Kingdom on 236 subjects aged over 5 years and four infants aged under 4 months. Comparison with results from earlier studies showed a further decline in residues of pp'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (pp'-DDT) and dieldrin (HEOD) and increased amounts of hexachlorobenzene residues; concentrations of other compounds were similar to those observed in the studies carried out in 1963-4, 1965-7, and 1969-71. Comparison of the data with those from other countries, showed that the concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues and polychlorobiphenyls in human fat samples from residents of the United Kingdom remain among the lowest in Europe and, indeed, the world.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Extracorporeal treatment of salicylate or acetaminophen poisoning--is there a role?

Hemodialysis or sorbent hemoperfusion has been used in the management of clinical overdose of salicylates or acetaminophen. Hemodialysis offers considerable benefit in severe salicylate poisoning and is preferred to hemoperfusion or peritoneal dialysis, since it more rapidly corrects acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities than does hemoperfusion, and since it is clearly more efficient than is peritoneal dialysis for the removal of salicylates. Charcoal hemoperfusion in animal studies and hemodialysis in man have been shown to accelerate acetaminophen elimination from the body. Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are of questionable benefit in clinical acetaminophen overdose. However, our clinical experience to date with charcoal hemoperfusion in "late" acetaminophen overdose has been associated with a less notable increase in liver enzyme concentrations in comparison with results of retrospective studies of series of patients treated or not treated with sulfhydryl donors.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of acetaminophen poisoning. The use of oral methionine.

One hundred thirty-two cases of severe acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning were treated with oral methionine. Seven of 96 patients who received the antidote within ten hours of ingestion of the overdose had severe liver damage (aspartate transaminase level, greater than 1,000 IU/L), but none of these patients died. Thirty-six patients received methionine between ten and 24 hours of ingestion; severe liver damage occurred in 47%, and two patients died. The treatment protocol for oral methionine is simple, and therapy is complete within 12 hours as compared with three days for oral acetylcysteine and 20 hours for intravenous acetylcysteine. Side effects from methionine were unimportant. Oral methionine is as effective as acetylcysteine in preventing severe liver damage and death after acetaminophen overdose. However, as with acetylcysteine, it must be given within ten hours of ingestion to be effective.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

The epidemiology of acute acetaminophen poisoning in England and Wales.

The mortality from analgesic poisoning in England and Wales has risen markedly during the last five years, but only a small increase in mortality from acetaminophen poisoning has been seen in the same period. Two separate epidemiologic studies of acetaminophen-overdose patients were undertaken during the two years from 1977 to 1978. Eighty-five percent of 1,644 patients and 95% of 341 patients arrived at the hospital within 12 hours of ingestion of an acetaminophen overdose. Although most patients who ingested hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen were asymptomatic--347 (66%) of 667 and 26 (51%) of 51 patients--the absence of symptoms did not adversely affect the time of their arrival at the hospital.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

Haemoperfusion in 'late' paracetamol poisoning.

1 Seven patients who presented to hospital later than 10 hours following an overdose of paracetamol were treated by charcoal haemoperfusion. 2 In all cases there was a rapid fall in the plasma paracetamol concentrations, although the total amounts of drug removed varied from 364.5 mg to 6699 mg. 3 One patient developed fulminant hepatic failure and died; the remainder recovered, sustaining only mild hepatic damage (maximum AST less than 1000 iu1(-1)). 4 Charcoal haemoperfusion may be effective in mitigating the severity of liver injury in those patients who are not eligible to receive specific antidotal therapy.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1980

Experience with fixed-bred charcoal haemoperfusion in the treatment of severe drug intoxication.

Fifteen patients who were severely poisoned with either hypnotic drugs or salicylate were treated by charcoal haemoperfusion. The device contained 100g of activated charcoal immobilised by fixation to a polyester film. Two patients showed no response and eventually died. The remainder showed marked lightening of coma and recovered uneventfully. Complications of platelet loss and, in one patient, fibrinolysis were observed, but these had no serious consequences. No significant biochemical disturbances occurred with the exception of one patient who presented with hypocalcaemia and required intravenous calcium throughout the treatment. Drug clearance values were comparable with those obtained with columns containing 300 g of acrylic polymer coated charcoal.

Adolescent↗