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Biomedical subjects

R Goto

Publications and source records attributed to R Goto.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of reticuloendothelial blockade on tissue distribution of 99mTc-labeled synthetic liposomes in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice.

The effect of a reticuloendothelial blockade was examined on the tissue distribution of 99mTc-labeled synthetic liposomes prepared from N,N-didodecyl-N alpha-[6-(trimethylammonio)hexanoyl]-L-alaninamide bromide (N+C5Ala2C12) in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice. While a pre-dose of unlabeled phosphatidyl choline liposomes (natural liposomes) hardly influenced the tissue distribution of N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes, the pretreatment of dextran sulfate depressed the uptake in liver accompanied by increasing that in tumor and other tissues except the stomach. However, the extent of liver depression of N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes by dextran sulfate was lower than that of natural liposomes and the pre-dose of unlabeled natural liposomes had a minor effect on the tissue distribution of N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes compared with that of natural liposomes. In the liver uptake of N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes, it was suggested that Kupffer cell phagocytosis was not the main mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A manual for community mental health activities for a public health center in Japan].

A system for treatment of persons with chronic mental disease such as schizophrenics in the present structure of the Japanese public Health Center is proposed. Presently, while cases are handled by responsible staff members, incorporation into the health center system with full utilization of its personnel and resources is seldom accomplished. There is a necessity for a systems approach in order to organize essential programs that would provide care for the mentally diseased. Health centers would have three main roles in this system: as a coordinator of mental health resources in the community, as a specialized agency for case management, and responsibility for public relations in its service area. For proper administration of its system, health centers should follow a team concept. The team would consist of a director of health centers, physicians, part-time psychiatrists, public health nurses, psychiatric social workers and clerical staff. At case conferences discussion of whether a prospective case should be registered, assessment of the needs, and development of management plans for all of the registered cases would be conducted. The files and documents of each case would be deleted or re-registered 5 years after initial registration. Cases would have a case-manager to coordinate public health care, including home visits, family care, psycho-educational consultation and crisis intervention. Health centers would be responsible for bringing together available social resources such as sheltered workshops and transient residential programs. The goal of health centers' mental health activities would be to facilitate the normalization of the mentally diseased within the community.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1990

Antigens similar to major histocompatibility complex B-G are expressed in the intestinal epithelium in the chicken.

A monoclonal antibody directed against the erythrocytic B-G antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken, an antiserum raised against purified erythrocytic B-G protein, and a cDNA probe from the B-G subregion were used to look for evidence of the expression of B-G genes in tissues other than blood. Evidence has been found in northern hybridizations, in immunoblots, and in immunolabeled cryosections for the presence of B-G-like antigens in the duodenal and caecal epithelia. Additional B-G-like molecules may be expressed in the liver as well. The B-G-like molecules in these tissues appear larger and somewhat more heterogeneous than the B-G antigens expressed on erythrocytes. Further characterization of these newly recognized B-G-like molecules may help to define a function for the enigmatic B-G antigens of the MHC. al. 1977; Miller et al. 1982, 1984; Salomonsen et al. 1987; Kline et al. 1988), and in the multiplicity of B-G restriction fragment patterns found in genomic DNA from different haplotypes (Goto et al. 1988; Miller et al. 1988; Chaussé et al. 1989). The B-G antigens have contributed, together with the B-F (class I) and B-L (class II) antigens, to the definition of over 27 B system haplotypes in experimental flocks (Briles et al. 1982). Yet the function of the B-G antigens remains entirely unknown. No mammalian counterparts have been identified, although the possibility remains that there may be similar antigens among the blood group systems of mammals. In an effort to define a function of the B-G antigens, a recently cloned B-G sequence (Miller et al. 1988; Goto et al. 1988) and antibodies to the B-G polypeptides (Miller et al. 1982, 1984) were used to examine other tissues for evidence of B-G expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mutagenicity of adsorbates to a copper-phthalocyanine derivative recovered from municipal river water.

Blue cotton, bearing a covalently bound copper-phthalocyanine derivative capable of adsorbing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over 3 rings, was applied to recover mutagens from the Katsura River which is a tributary of the Yodo River. The Ames Salmonella/microsome assay with TA98 and TA100 of the blue cotton concentrate recovered from the river water demonstrated indirect mutagenicity toward TA98. The subfractions separated by Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography also showed direct mutagenicity in strains YG1021 and YG1024, the nitroreductase- and O-acetyltransferase-overproducing derivatives of TA98; this activity was greatly increased by the addition of S9 mix, especially in YG1024. However, these subfractions were less mutagenic with TA98NR or TA98/1,8-DNP6, regardless of whether S9 mix was present or not. The behaviors of these mutagenic activities therefore suggested that frameshift mutagens of both directly mutagenic nitroarenes and indirectly mutagenic aminoarenes were present in the blue cotton concentrate from the river water.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1990

The effect of diltiazem on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.

The efficacy of diltiazem in the attenuation of the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was studied in patients who received 0.2 or 0.3 mg/kg diltiazem 60 seconds before the start of laryngoscopy. These data were compared with a control group who received saline. Each group consisted of 10 patients who had elective surgery. Patients who received saline showed a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and rate pressure product associated with tracheal intubation. These increases after tracheal intubation were reduced in diltiazem-treated patients compared with those of the control group (p less than 0.05). The data suggest that a bolus injection of diltiazem is a simple, practical and effective method to attenuate the hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1990

Liposomes prepared from synthetic amphiphiles. II. Their interaction with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and tissue distribution in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice.

The interaction of 99mTc-labeled liposomes prepared from synthetic amphiphiles containing amino acid residues with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro and their tissue distributions in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice were investigated. The amphiphiles used were N,N-didodecyl-N alpha-[6-(trimethylammonio)hexanoyl]-L-alaninamide bromide N+C5Ala2C12), N,N-didodecyl-N alpha-(6-[dimethyl(2-carboxyethyl)ammonio]hexanoyl)-L- alaninamide bromide (CAC2N+C5Ala2C12) and S-[1-carboxy-2- ([2,3-bis(hexadecyloxy)propoxy]carbonyl)ethyl]homocysteine (HcyM-G2C1 6). Most of the radioactivity of N+C5Ala2C12 and CAC2N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes was firmly bound to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. On the other hand, the accumulation of three 99mTc-labeled liposomes in the tumor of Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice was low (about 1% dose per gram of tissue), and most of the liposomes were taken up highly in the liver and spleen of the tumor-bearing mice. However, the radioactivity of the liposomes in the tumor, especially that of N+C5Ala2C12 and CAC2N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes, decreased more slowly with time than in the liver in up to 24 h after injection, suggesting that these liposomes were hard to separate from the tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Perioperative effect of methylprednisolone given during lung surgery on plasma concentrations of C3a and C5a.

Methylprednisolone or saline (placebo) solution was infused intravenously in 28 patients undergoing elective lobectomy for lung cancer. The state of the complement system during and after surgery and the effects of methylprednisolone on biologically active products of complement were studied by measurements of plasma C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins and leukocyte counts in peripheral blood perioperatively. In the placebo group plasma concentrations of C3a were significantly increased on postoperative days 1 and 2, whereas C5a had risen significantly 6 hours after surgery and on days 1 and 2. Methylprednisolone infusion during surgery eliminated the postoperative elevation of C3a and C5a. The postoperative leukocyte count in peripheral blood was higher in the methylprednisolone group than in the controls. The observations indicated that methylprednisolone may reduce the influx of leukocytes from peripheral blood into the airways by attenuating production of biologically active complements.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1990

[A case control study of cancer of the pancreas].

We report the findings of a case-control study of cancer of the pancreas, which was conducted in Hokkaido Prefecture. Seventy-one patients with pancreatic cancer were matched on sex and age (+/- 3 years) to 142 community-based controls. The latter had telephone interviews. We questioned all subjects about demographic factors, diet, beverage consumption, and medical and surgical history. Significantly decreased risks were associated with consumption of raw vegetables and green tea. The risk increased significantly with consumption of the fat of meat, boiled fish, coffee, black tea and alcoholic beverages.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A follow-up study of the elderly in agricultural and piscatorial areas of Hokkaido].

A base-line survey was performed for 3,185 persons over 40 years of age in 1984 and 1985 in agricultural and piscatorial areas of Hokkaido with regards to their dietary habits and life style. Of them, 147 persons died prior to the recent follow-up survey of 1988. As a result of a case-control study of the dead with those of the followed-up group, a more frequent intake of instant noodles was indicated as significantly increasing the risk of death, even after adjusting for the health status at the base-line survey and other confounding variables (the adjusted relative risk = 1.44 per a frequency class, p = 0.049).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Purification and characterization of an antibacterial and antineoplastic protein secretion of a sea hare, Aplysia juliana.

The fetid secretion of a sea hare, Aplysia juliana, was lethal to crabs and also inhibited the growth of bacteria. When the secretion was partitioned between water and n-hexane, only the n-hexane layer, which had a nauseating odor, was lethal to crabs. The water-soluble fraction showed strong antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity of the water-soluble fraction was destroyed by heating at 50 degrees C for 15 min, but was resistant to treatment with proteolytic enzymes. The active principle, named julianin-S, was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified specimen gave a single protein showing a mol. wt of approximately 67,000, as determined by gel filtration. Julianin-S inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis by 50% at a concentration of 70 ng protein/ml. It was also cytotoxic to murine tumor cells and inhibited in vitro growth of L1210 cells by 50% at a concentration of 8 ng protein/ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Liposomes prepared from synthetic amphiphiles. I. Their technetium labeling and stability.

In order to apply liposomes prepared from synthetic amphiphiles containing amino acid residues to radiopharmaceuticals, their labeling with 99Tc or 99mTc and stability in saline or in serum were investigated. These liposomes were highly labeled by embedding stearylamine-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid as a ligand of technetium. The labeling was more efficient at pH 7.0 than at pH 4.0 or 8.5. Among these technetium-labeled liposomes tested, liposomes containing the alanine residue were stable in saline or in 50% serum at 37 degrees C for at least 24 h, in contrast to liposomes (phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol = 1:1 molar ratio) whose stability had been enhanced by adding cholesterol.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

[Bacteriological investigation of the pre- and postoperative transition of the pharyngeal flora in the patients received tonsillectomy].

Several investigations have been reported on the interactive relation between the normal flora and the pathogenic micro-organisms in the human upper respiratory tracts (Thompson, Sanders, etc). It has also been known that some alpha-streptococci have inhibitory effect on the growth of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. A study upon the role of alpha-streptococci in the throat (tonsil and pharynx) was performed using 73 culture specimens (throat swabs) obtained from 42 patients. Forty-four specimens were taken from the patients who received tonsillectomy, pre- and postoperatively, and 29 were from the patients who did not receive the operation. In the group of patients who received tonsillectomy, alpha-streptococci with inhibitory effect on the growth of group A beta-streptococci were detected less frequently preoperatively, when compared with the patients without tonsillectomy. On the other hand, postoperatively, marked increase of alpha-streptococci of these types was found in the normal flora of the throat. However, further detailed study on this subject is necessary because of the exceptional results in our observations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of a cDNA clone from the B-G subregion of the chicken histocompatibility (B) complex.

The B-G antigens are highly polymorphic antigens encoded by genes located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken, the B system. The B-G antigens of the chicken MHC are found only on erythrocytes and correspond to neither MHC class I nor class II antigens. Several clones were selected from a lambda gt11 erythroid cell expression library by means of rabbit antisera prepared against a purified, denatured B-G antigen. One clone chosen for further study, lambda bg28, was confirmed as a B-G subregion cDNA clone by the results obtained through using it as a nucleic acid hybridization probe. In Northern hybridizations lambda bg28 anneals specifically with erythroid cell mRNA. In Southern blot analyses the lambda bg28 clone could be assigned to the B system-bearing microchromosome of the chicken karyotype on the basis of its hybridization to DNA from birds disomic, trisomic, and tetrasomic for this microchromosome. The cDNA clone was further mapped to the B-G subregion on the basis of its pattern of hybridization with DNA from birds of known B region recombinant haplotypes. Southern blot analyses of the hybridization of lambda bg28 with genomic DNA from birds of known haplotypes strongly suggest that the B-G antigens are encoded by a highly polymorphic multigene family.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical confirmation of recombination within the B-G subregion of the chicken major histocompatibility complex.

Analysis of the B-G antigens of eight chicken major histocompatibility complex (B) system recombinant haplotypes by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has provided evidence for the transfer of the complete B-G subregion in seven cases. In the eighth, a partial duplication within the B-G subregion appears to have occurred. In this recombinant, the entire array of polypeptides associated with one parental allele, B-G23, is expressed together with nearly the entire array of B-G polypeptides of the other parental haplotype, B2. This compound polypeptide pattern corroborates the serological evidence for a partial duplication within the B-G subregion and provides indirect evidence for the existence of multiple loci within B-G and for a means by which polymorphism may be introduced into the chicken major histocompatibility complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Genotyping chickens for the B-G subregion of the major histocompatibility complex using restriction fragment length polymorphisms.

Chicken B-G-subregion cDNA probes were used to analyze restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the B-G subregion of the chicken major histocompatibility complex. Genomic DNA from chickens representing 17 of the 27 standard B haplotypes were digested with restriction endonucleases and analyzed in Southern hybridizations with two cDNA clones from the B-G subregion. Each B-G genotype was found to produce a unique pattern of restriction fragments in these Southern hybridizations. With 15 of the 17 genotypes examined, the different genotypes could be readily distinguished in hybridizations produced with DNA digested with a single restriction enzyme, PVU II. The two additional genotypes produced nearly identical patterns in PVU II preparations and with three additional enzymes as well, but were readily distinguishable in Eco RI digestions. For many of the haplotypes, samples from several individuals in different flocks were examined. In every instance, genotyping by RFLP pattern was found to confirm the B-G allele assigned serologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Chemical properties of technetium-99m-DL-homocysteine, a possible tumor-imaging agent.

The chemical properties of 99mTc-DL-homocysteine (99mTc-Hcy) showing high accumulation in several experimental tumors were investigated. The form of tumor-tropic 99mTc-Hcy was a polymeric complex which appeared at void volume on Sephadex G-15 by eluting with 5 mM Hcy. This complex changed into smaller complexes of ca. 600 molecular weight in the presence of 150 mM NaCl and 5 mM Hcy, suggesting that 99mTc-Hcy was a complex composed of smaller polymers which are weakly bound together by an ionic bond. The complex showed a negative charge. The Hcy/Tc molar ratio in the complex was approximately 2 and no Sn was detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Purification and properties of agglutinins from conger eel, Conger Myriaster (Brevoort), skin mucus.

The skin mucus of the conger eel, Conger myriaster, contains galactose-specific agglutinins. Hemagglutinating activity is independent of divalent cations and is destroyed by heating at 50 degrees C for 15 min. The mucus agglutinins, named congerins, are a mixture of proteins with different electrical charges. Three of these molecules were isolated by affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose 4B and by ion-exchange chromatography. They are simple proteins with the same molecular weight of 30,000 and consisting of two subunits (each 13,000 daltons). The agglutinins inhibited the normal embryonic development of the starfish Asterina pectinifera, and lysed the fertilized eggs at a concentration of 25 micrograms protein/ml. They also agglutinated but did not inhibit the growth of a marine bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum.

Agglutinins↗