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Biomedical subjects

R Goto

Publications and source records attributed to R Goto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Normal cerebral perfusion of 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT--evaluation by ananatomical standardization technique].

Single photon labeled tracer 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) has been used for rCBF studies by SPECT. However, normal perfusion pattern of this agent still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate normal 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT image voxel by voxel. Eighteen male subjects without any prior or present history of medical illness participated in this study. All SPECT images were globally normalized to 100 count/voxel. Each subject had an X-ray CT scan at the same day of SPECT measurement. All subjects had normal X-ray CT scans. The standard anatomical structures of the computerized brain atlas of Roland et al. were fitted to X-ray CT images of a subject by linear and non-linear parameters. These parameters were subsequently used to transform SPECT images of the subject. After the anatomical standardization, mean and SD images of eight standardized images were calculated voxel-by-voxel basis. In the mean image, following structures showed relatively higher radioactivity; the putamen, the cerebellum, and the frontal lobe. In addition, the occipital lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, and the putamen showed large degree of SD. Anatomical standardization of SPECT images may be useful as a reference to diagnose and evaluate various brain disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on ciliary activity of human paranasal sinus mucosa in vitro.

The effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on ciliary activity of human paranasal sinus mucosa were investigated in vitro. Normal mucosa was surgically obtained from human paranasal sinuses and incubated in the form of tissue culture. Ciliated cells were magnified under an inverted microscope, and ciliary activity was photoelectrically measured. LTD4 progressively inhibited ciliary activity, and showed a more potent effect on ciliary activity compared to LTC4. The concentrations of LTC4 and LTD4 in the incubation medium were determined by radioimmunoassay when the mucosa was incubated with 10(-8) M LTC4. The concentration of LTD4 gradually increased and after 90 min reached the maximum of 0.71 x 10(-8) M, while that of LTC4 was reduced to about 10% of its initial concentration within 60 min. These results suggested the possible conversion of LTC4 to LTD4 on the mucosa, and that LTC4 can inhibit ciliary activity by means of LTD4.

Cilia↗
PubMed1994

Two Mhc class I and two Mhc class II genes map to the chicken Rfp-Y system outside the B complex.

Gene sequences highly similar to major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) class I and class II genes were recently recognized as mapping to a site in the genome of the chicken separate from the Mhc class I, class II, and B-G genes of the major histocompatibility (B) complex. The present study was undertaken to see whether this complex of Mhc-like genes designated as restriction fragment pattern Y (Rfp-Y) might reside in one of three clusters of cosmid clones contained within the molecular map of chicken Mhc genes, since only two of the three clusters can be assigned to the B system. To determine whether the third cluster (cluster II/IV) might contain Rfp-Y, a subclone (18.1) from within cluster II/IV near a polymorphic lectin gene was used to analyze the DNA of families in which Rfp-Y haplotypes are known to be segregating. The restriction fragment polymorphisms revealed by the 18.1 probe were found to segregate in parallel with the restriction fragment polymorphisms defining the Rfp-Y haplotypes, thus establishing the location of Rfp-Y within cosmid cluster II/IV. Two of six Mhc class I genes and two of five Mhc class II genes map to cosmid cluster II/IV, so a substantial fraction of chicken Mhc genes, including at least one that may be expressed, are located in a chromosomal region separate from the B system. In further linkage analyses, Rfp-Y was found to assort independently from more than 400 markers in the present linkage map of the chicken genome.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Tissue distribution of liposomes prepared from synthetic amphiphiles after intraperitoneal injection into mice.

The tissue distribution of 99mTc-labeled vesicles prepared from synthetic amphiphiles containing an amino acid residue (synthetic liposomes) after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice was investigated. Synthetic liposomes were labeled with 99mTc using stearylamine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid as a chelator. The accumulation of the synthetic liposomes in liver decreased and that in pancreas significantly increased in comparison with those after intravenous injection. Gamma camera images after i.p. injection also indicated high uptake of the synthetic liposomes in pancreas. The radioactivity of the synthetic liposomes in vitro was taken up most highly in pancreas among some excised organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Clinical efficacy of Tranilast on otitis media with effusion in children.

In this open randomized study, we evaluated the efficacy of Tranilast, one of the anti-inflammatory drugs, on otitis media with effusion in children. Sixty-two patients (103 ears) were divided into two groups: Group A was given Tranilast and local treatment (nasal and tubal); Group B only received local treatment (control for Group A). The overall improvement rating assessed as "moderately improved or above" for Group A was 63.6%, Group B 47.9%. There was a significant improvement in Group A as compared to Group B (p < 0.05). In subjects who suffered from otitis media with effusion for over 2 months. Group A exhibited 50.0% of efficacy while Group B only 15.4% (p < 0.05).

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1994

Partial attenuation of the cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation with oral manidipine.

We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, and double-blinded study to evaluate the efficacy of manidipine given orally in attenuating the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Thirty normotensive patients (ASA physical status 1) undergoing elective surgery were allocated to one of three groups (n = 10 for each); placebo, 5 mg manidipine, and 10 mg manidipine groups. These tablets were orally administered 3 h before induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1 iv, and tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.2 mg.kg-1. Laryngoscopy lasting 30 sec was attempted 2 min after induction of anaesthesia. Patients receiving placebo showed a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure associated with tracheal intubation. These increases following tracheal intubation were significantly reduced in patients receiving manidipine 10 mg compared with patients receiving placebo or manidipine 5 mg (P < 0.05). Oral administration of manidipine 10 mg before induction of anaesthesia is a simple and effective method for attenuating pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. We stressed that the potential beneficial effect of a reduced haemodynamic reaction to intubation might be obtained at the expense of hypotension later on.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of 14-member lactone ring macrolides on anti staphylococcal activity and swarming ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The purpose of this report is to examine the effect of Macrolides (Erythromycin and Roxythromycin) on swarming ability and antistaphylococcal activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The standard strain (ATCC27854) and clinically isolated P. aeruginosa were used as test strains. The influence of Macrolides on antistaphylococcal activity and swarming ability were determined by the agar plate dilution method. The antistaphylococcal activity of P. aeruginosa was not affected at the concentration of 1.56 micrograms/ml of both Erythromycin and Roxythromycin. But the antistaphylococcal activity was not observed at the concentration over 100 micrograms/ml. The swarming ability was not affected at the concentration up to 12.5 micrograms/ml. It has been proved that Macrolides reveal inhibition of virulent factors of P. aeruginosa such as protease, elastase, piocianin and so on. Furthermore our data revealed that Macrolides inhibited swarming ability of P. aeruginosa, and did not affect the antistaphylococcal activity of P. aeruginosa under 1.56 micrograms/ml concentration. Consequently, these results suggest that Macrolides have exhibited a previously unknown pharmacological effect, and may be of interest in that there may be bacterial interaction between MRSA and P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Adaptive response to low doses of gamma-ray in Chinese hamster cells: determined by cell survival and DNA synthesis.

This study was undertaken to examine the adaptive response in Chinese hamster V79 cells using the cell survival (colony formation assay) and DNA synthesis ([3H]thymidine incorporation) as endpoints. When V79 cells were preirradiated with an adapting dose (0.05 Gy), their survival after irradiation with the challenging dose (4 Gy) was about 120% of the control without such preirradiation. Following irradiation with the challenging dose, the DNA synthesis of the preirradiated cells was less reduced than those without it. The adaptive responses were considered to be associated with the signal transduction via protein kinase C from the results that this response was not observed when the cells were preirradiated with the adapting dose in the presence of protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1994

Enhancement of concanavalin A-induced proliferation of spleno-lymphocytes by low-dose-irradiated macrophages.

The effect of whole-body irradiation with low doses of gamma-rays was investigated for the Con A-induced proliferation of splenocytes. Proliferation was enhanced by 0.02 Gy irradiation, but was inhibited by 0.2 Gy. The enhanced proliferation produced by low-dose irradiation also was studied using co-cultures of spleno-lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages (M phi s) instead of spleno-M phi s. The proliferative response of spleno-lymphocytes was not affected by low doses of gamma-ray irradiation; whereas, the responses of unirradiated spleno-lymphocytes cultured with the peritoneal M phi s that had been irradiated at 0.02 and 0.04 Gy respectively were about 120 and 145% of the control. Proliferative enhancement was found when peritoneal M phi s collected 4 h after whole-body irradiation were used, but not with those collected at 1 and 12 h. No enhancement took place when in vitro irradiation was used. These results suggest that the enhancement in Con A-induced proliferation of splenocytes by low-dose irradiation was caused not by the activation of spleno-lymphocytes, but by activation of spleno-M phi s, and that the M phi s were activated indirectly.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with lumbar bone metastasis with high uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxygalactose in PET].

18F-fluorodeoxygalactose (18FDGal) is a tracer for the evaluation of galactose metabolism in the tissue. PET with 18FDGal was performed in a hepatoma (HCC) patient with lumbar bone metastasis. The image at 45 min after i.v. injection of 18FDGal demonstrated very high uptake by the bone metastasis with tumor-to-surrounding normal tissue ratio of 36. The tumor uptake expressed by differential absorption ratio was much higher than that in the cirrhotic liver and kidney. The result indicated that the HCC maintained high activity of galactose metabolism and rises the potential of this tracer for detecting extrahepatic metastases of HCC using PET.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1994

[A simple method for measurement of cerebral blood flow using 123I-IMP SPECT with calibrated standard input function by one point blood sampling; validation of calibration by one point venous blood sampling as a substitute for arterial blood sampling].

In a simplified method for measurement of cerebral blood flow using one 123I-IMP SPECT scan and one point arterial blood sampling (Autoradiography method), input function is obtained by calibrating a standard input function by one point arterial blood sampling. A purpose of this study is validation of calibration by one point venous blood sampling as a substitute for one point arterial blood sampling. After intravenous infusion of 123I-IMP, frequent arterial and venous blood sampling were simultaneously performed on 12 patients of CNS disease without any heart and lung disease and 5 normal volunteers. The radioactivity ratio of venous whole blood which obtained from cutaneous cubital vein to arterial whole blood were 0.76 +/- 0.08, 0.80 +/- 0.05, 0.81 +/- 0.06, 0.83 +/- 0.11 at 10, 20, 30, 50 min after 123I-IMP infusion, respectively. The venous blood radioactivities were always 20% lower than those of arterial blood radioactivity during 50 min. However, the ratio which obtained from cutaneous dorsal hand vein to artery were 0.93 +/- 0.02, 0.94 +/- 0.05, 0.98 +/- 0.04, 0.98 +/- 0.03, at 10, 20, 30, 50 min after 123I-IMP infusion, respectively. The venous blood radioactivity was consistent with artery. These indicate that arterio-venous difference of radioactivity in a peripheral cutaneous vein like a dorsal hand vein is minimal due to arteriovenous shunt in palm. Therefore, a substitution by blood sampling from cutaneous dorsal hand vein for artery will be possible. Optimized time for venous blood sampling evaluated by error analysis was 20 min after 123I-IMP infusion, which is 10 min later than that of arterial blood sampling.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1993

Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mutagenic adsorbates to a copper-phthalocyanine derivative recovered from municipal river water.

A study was made to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the mutagenic adsorbate to blue cotton recovered from the water of the Katsura River which is a tributary of the Yodo River, a typical municipal river. As blue cotton bears a covalently bound copper-phthalocyanine derivative which can adsorb PAHs over 3 rings, PAHs in the adsorbate were separated into 4 fractions (I-IV) by Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography. Fractions III and IV showed high direct and indirect frameshift mutagenicity in strains YG1021 and YG1024, the nitroreductase- and O-acetyltransferase-overproducing derivatives of TA98, especially in YG1024 with S9 mix, whereas these fractions showed less mutagenicity in TA98NR or TA98/1,8-DNP6. These results suggest that mutagenic nitroarenes and aminoarenes are present in both fractions. The retention times of some peaks separated from both fractions using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector were identical with those of authentic PAHs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of some HPLC fractions demonstrated that anthraquinone, azulene derivative, quinoline derivative, chrysene and benzo[b]fluoranthene are probably contained in these fractions.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

Attenuation of the pressor response to tracheal intubation with oral nitrendipine.

The effect of nitrendipine on the cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation was studied in a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind trial. Thirty patients (ASA physical status 1) undergoing elective surgery received either 5 or 10 mg nitrendipine, or a placebo orally 3 h before induction of anaesthesia (n = 10 for each group). Anaesthesia was induced with sodium thiopentone 5 mg/kg i.v. and tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.2 mg/kg i.v. Patients receiving the placebo showed a significant increase in the mean arterial pressure and the rate-pressure product in response to tracheal intubation. These increases following intubation were reduced in nitrendipine-treated patients compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). Oral administration of nitrendipine (5 or 10 mg, 3 h before induction of anaesthesia) was able to attenuate the hypertensive response to tracheal intubation in ASA 1 patients under light anaesthesia. We propose this pharmacological technique with supplementary doses of opioids and/or benzodiazepines for the management of patients with hypertension or coronary artery disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of erythromycin on anti staphylococcal activity and dye production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical materials].

Anti staphylococcal activity by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated through the use of the reversed agar plate and the filter paper stamp methods. Investigation was also conducted on the dye production of different clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the relationship between drug susceptibility and anti staphylococcal activity, and the influence of erythromycin on anti staphylococcal activity. Seventy four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were prepared which included 20 strains from pus, 34 strains from sputum and 20 strains from urine. These were then inoculated with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They were then cultured for 48 hours by using the reversed agar plate and the filter paper stamp methods. Anti staphylococcal activity was observed in 16 strains from pus (80%), 19 strains from sputum (55.9%) and 8 strains from urine (40%). The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which have no pigment tended to show poor anti staphylococcal activity. Drug susceptibility was tested using PIPC, AMK, IPM, CFS and OFLX. The strains which showed resistance to OFLX tended to show poor anti staphylococcal activity. Erythromycin inhibited the dye production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa but exhibited no effect on anti staphylococcal activity. Consequently, these results suggest erythromycin has exhibited a previously unknown pharmacological effect, furthermore, anti staphylococcal activity was not caused by pigmentation only.

Erythromycin↗
PubMed1993

Attenuation of the cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation with oral guanabenz.

We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of oral guanabenz, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, in attenuating the cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in 30 normotensive (ASA physical status 1) patients undergoing elective surgery. They were allocated to one of three groups (n = 10 for each): placebo, 4 mg, or 6 mg of guanabenz groups. These tablets were administered 2 h before the induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5.0 mg/kg intravenously (IV), and tracheal intubation was facilitated by the administration of vecuronium, 0.2 mg/kg IV. During anesthesia, ventilation was assisted or controlled with 1% enflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Laryngoscopy lasting 30 s was attempted 2 min after the administration of thiopental and vecuronium. Patients receiving placebo showed a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamine concentrations in response to tracheal intubation. These changes were significantly smaller in patients receiving either dose of guanabenz (P < 0.05). Oral administration of guanabenz before induction of anesthesia is a simple and effective method for attenuating the pressor and tachycardic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with the drug acting at least partly via inhibition of the increases in plasma catecholamines concentrations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Effects of alkyl glycosides incorporated into liposomes prepared from synthetic amphiphiles on their tissue distribution in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice.

A study of the effects of alkyl glycosides incorporated into synthetic liposomes with respect to their stability, their in vivo distribution in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice and their in vitro interaction with liver cells was undertaken. The synthetic liposomes were prepared from N,N-didodecyl-N alpha-[6-(trimethylammonio)hexanoyl]-L-alaninamide bromide (N+C5Ala2C12) and labeled with 99mTc. n-Dodecyl glucoside (DG) and n-dodecyl sucrose (DS) were used as alkyl glycosides. The stability was hardly changed by incorporation of alkyl glycosides into the liposomes in saline and serum. The uptake of DG- and DS-modified N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes decreased in liver and spleen compared with that of unmodified N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes, resulting in an increase in blood and other tissues such as tumor, duodenum and kidney, where the DS-modified N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes had a marked tendency. It was observed with electron micrographs that the size of N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes became small by incorporation of alkyl glycoside. The smaller N+C5Ala2C12 liposomes were found to result in the lower uptake in liver. The interaction of the liposomes with liver cells in vitro indicated that both DG- and DS-modified liposomes had a low affinity for liver cells compared with the unmodified liposomes and the extent of interaction of the DS-modified liposomes was weaker than that of the DG-modified liposomes.

Alkylation↗