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Biomedical subjects

R Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to R Goodman.

174 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Supraoptic neurosecretory neurons of the guinea pig in organ culture. Biosynthesis of vasopressin and neurophysin.

Fragments of the anterior hypothalamus that contain supraoptic nuclei and short axonal segments from adult guinea pigs have been kept in organ culture for up to 15 days. Electron micrographs displayed intact nuclei, Nissl substance, Golgi bodies, and an ultrastructure characteristic of viable neurosecretory cells; by contrast, the surrounding neurophil showed extensive degeneration. The cultured hypothalamic tissues of the guinea pig that were pulsed with [(3)H]uridine incorporated label into the RNA of neurosecretory neurons, as determined by radioautography and chemical analysis. Furthermore, and most important, these cells retained a complement of hormones and the ability to incorporate (3)H- and (35)S-labeled amino acids into vasopressin, neurophysin, and other polypeptides. This incorporation was inhibited by either puromycin or cycloheximide.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders in the British nationwide survey of child mental health.

The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) is not well established and needs monitoring. We investigated the prevalence of PDDs in the 1999 nationwide British survey of child and adolescent mental health. A randomized stratified sample of children (n = 12,529) aged 5-15 was generated from Child Benefit Records. Trained interviewers interviewed parents and youths aged 11 or older with a standardized diagnostic interview (Development and Well-Being Assessment) and questionnaire data (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were obtained from teachers and parents who also completed self-report measures of psychological distress. A team of experienced clinicians using all data sources achieved final diagnostic determination. A total of 10,438 (83%) interviews were conducted. There were two girls with Rett syndrome (weighted prevalence: 3.8/10,000 girls) and 27 children with other PDDs (weighted prevalence: 26.1/10,000). Compared to children with a psychiatric disorder other than PDD, social but not behavioural problems were more frequent in the PDD group. Parents of children with PDDs had higher rates of psychological distress than those from the two comparison groups. Consistent with other recent surveys, PDD rates are higher than those reported 30 years ago. The burden associated with PDDs is very high.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample.

Child psychiatric disorders are common and treatable, but often go undetected and therefore remain untreated. To assess the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a potential means for improving the detection of child psychiatric disorders in the community, SDQ predictions and independent psychiatric diagnoses were compared in a community sample of 7984 5-15 year olds from the 1999 British Child Mental Health Survey. Multi-informant (parents, teachers, older children) SDQs identified individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis with a specificity of 94.6% (95% Cl, 94.1-95.1%) and a sensitivity of 63.3% (59.7-66.9%). The questionnaires identified over 70% of individuals with conduct, hyperactivity, depressive, and some anxiety disorders, but fewer than 50% of individuals with specific phobias, separation anxiety and eating disorders. Sensitivity was substantially poorer with single-informant rather than multi-informant SDQs. Community screening programmes based on multi-informant SDQs could potentially increase the detection of child psychiatric disorders, thereby improving access to effective treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version.

The self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to two samples of 11-16 year olds: 83 young people in the community and 116 young people attending a mental health clinic. The questionnaire discriminated satisfactorily between the two samples. For example, the clinic mean for the total difficulties score was 1.4 standard deviations above the community mean, with clinic cases being over six times more likely to have a score in the abnormal range. The correlations between self-report SDQ scores and teacher--or parent rated SDQ scores--compared favourably with the average cross informant correlations in previous studies of a range of measures. The self-report SDQ appears promising and warrants further evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the British nationwide survey of child mental health.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder that appears to be under-diagnosed and under-treated, despite the evidence for effective treatments. There are variable estimates of OCD prevalence in the under-16s and published rates give little indication of age trends. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and associates of OCD in young people aged 5-15 years. The method was a nationwide (UK) epidemiological study of rates of psychiatric disorder in 5-15 year olds (1999 British Child Mental Health Survey): 10,438 children were assessed. Twenty-five children with OCD were identified (weighted overall prevalence 0.25%; 95% CI 0.14-0.35), with prevalence rising exponentially with increasing age. Compared with normal controls, children with OCD were more likely to be from lower socio-economic class and of lower intelligence. Only three of these children had been seen by specialist children's services. Although OCD is rare in young children, the rate increases towards the adult rates at puberty. Children with OCD have additional psychosocial disadvantage. The majority of the childhood cases identified in this survey appear to have been undetected and untreated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain.

The findings described in this report and summarized here focus on the prevalence of mental disorders among 5-15 year olds and on the associations between the presence of a mental disorder and biographic, sociodemographic, socio-economic, and social functioning characteristics of the child and the family. Causal relationships should not be assumed for any of the results presented in this report.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography in crepitant myonecrosis.

We report an unusual case of non-traumatic myonecrosis presenting as hip pain. Computed tomography helped to define the extent of the infection and its origin in the presacral space. The use of CT in diagnosis and management of gas-forming soft tissue infection is reviewed.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Academic achievement and educational resource use of very low birth weight (VLBW) survivors.

Thirty-nine very low birth weight (VLBW) and 32 normal birth weight (NBW) elementary school children were studied prospectively to determine patterns of academic achievement and special education resource use during the elementary school years. Reading, spelling, and mathematical abilities were evaluated. Mean scores for the VLBW children were significantly lower on the mathematic subtests. VLBW study participants experienced more grade retention (43% vs. 23%) and required 2.8 times more special academic assistance than their NBW peers. Thus, providing special educational resources for VLBW children is essential.

Adolescent↗