Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Gomis

Publications and source records attributed to R Gomis.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

First results of arthroplasty of the wrist by Swanson's implant. Twenty-five cases.

We have carried out 25 arthroplasties of the wrist using the Swanson implant since 1976. The indications were primarily in rheumatoid arthritis. The operation was done for severe pain and deformity of the wrist. Results were analysed in 19 patients with a follow-up of 21-54 months. Post-operative pain relief is good. Although mobility is fair, the return of the balance of wrist motions has been recovered. The results of the Swanson implant arthroplasty are compared to dorsal synovectomy and wrist arthrodesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Glycosylated hemoglobin as an index of diabetes mellitus control (author's transl)].

Glycosylated hemoglobin ((HbA1c) is formed by structural modification of HbA in a slow and irreversible non-enzymatic reaction. Its concentration is proportional to mean blood glucose levels during approximately four weeks, being therefore a useful index of diabetes mellitus control. The introduction of a microcolumn chromatographic method that measures together the subfractions HbA1a + b + c (fast Hb) and is well correlated to HbA1c has permitted the routine clinical measurement of this parameter. The authors used this method to study the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in normal subjects, acutely decompensated diabetics, and diabetic outpatients classified according to their degree of control. The highest levels were detected in acutely decompensated patients and in those with chronic poor compensation. It is concluded that HbA1 constitutes a good index of compensation in diabetes, and that it may in the future unify existing criteria on the disease, contributing to clarify the problems about the correlation between the degree of compensation of diabetes and the incidence and evolution of its specific complications.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1977

[The arthritic narrow lumbar canal. Anatomoradiologic study - technical considerations].

The Narrowing of the lumbar canal by spondylosis appears as a frequent factor of cauda equina compression. There is a wide range of symptomatology : common low back pain and sciatalgia; neurogenic claudication with sensitive, motor or sphincter disturbance; radicular deficit at one or several levels. Radiological measurement of the anterior-posterior diameter of the lumbar canal does not give a good evaluation of the lesion. Qualitative analysis of spondylosis must be performed by special radiological investigation : plain X ray film and tomography shows the osteophytics spurs and articular hypertrophy; sacco-radiculography (Dimer X) with tomography and flexion-extension films shows the changes on the dural sac. Three types of lesions can be distinguish on anatomical and radiological grounds which carry a special operative management : the anterior type should be treated by discectomy, at one or more level; the posterior type needs facetectomy with or without laminectomy; the mixed type must be treated by combined operative procedures. Laminectomy only does not permit the cure of lateral radicular entrapment. Our results seem much better in our series since this diagnostic and therapeutic attitude is considered.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Splanchnic and hepatic metabolism of somatostatin: a study in cirrhotic patients with a portacaval shunt.

Experimental data suggest that somatostatin is metabolized by both liver and kidneys. Results in humans are conflicting. By studying a group of cirrhotic patients with surgically induced end-to-side portacaval shunts, basally and during a somatostatin infusion, we have been able to analyze separately the hepatic and splanchnic metabolism of this peptide. After catheterization, samples were obtained from the pulmonary artery, portal and hepatic veins. Basal pulmonary artery immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the cirrhotic patients (96 +/- 11 pg per ml) than in a sex- and age-matched control group (31.4 +/- 5.8 pg per ml). During the infusion of exogenous somatostatin, IRS values were higher in arterial (12,269 +/- 1,198 pg per ml) than in hepatic venous blood (7,648 +/- 1,234 pg per ml), indicating hepatic extraction of the peptide; but there was also a substantial splanchnic extraction demonstrated by higher arterial (12,269 +/- 1,532 pg per ml) than portal values (6,754 +/- 1,040 pg per ml) of IRS. During the somatostatin infusion, at very high circulation IRS levels, the liver was able to extract 38% of the peptide. This suggests that the high basal IRS levels found in liver cirrhosis are not likely to be due to hepatic failure. Possible mechanisms may involve increased somatostatin secretion, predominance of high molecular weight moieties of IRS which may not be as effectively removed by the liver, and/or portal-systemic shunting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

3-O-methyl-D-glucose uptake by erythrocytes of normal and diabetic subjects.

The uptake of 3-O-[14C]methyl-D-glucose was measured in erythrocytes of normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. In normal subjects, the uptake of the sugar was rapid, saturable, temperature-sensitive and inhibited by cytochalasin B. Over 30 s incubation at 20 degrees C, the uptake of 3-O-[14C]methyl-D-glucose (20 mM) was lower in diabetic than in normal subjects. These findings raise the view that an alteration of hexose transport into insulin-insensitive cells may participate to the perturbation of glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HLA antigens in Spanish type 1 diabetic population. Correlations with clinical, biological and autoimmune markers.

The HLA haplotype and its relationships with clinical, biological and immunological parameters were analyzed in a group of 87 Spanish type 1 diabetic patients at the clinical onset of the disease. The frequency of HLA-B18, DR3 and DR4 antigens was significantly increased whereas DR2, DR5 and DR7 were decreased in comparison with 189 healthy unrelated controls without family history of diabetes. DR3 showed a maximum relative risk for diabetes (5.5) whereas DR4 had a lower one (4.0). HLA-DR4 patients were younger at the time of diagnosis than DR4 negative (16.7 vs 21.4 years). We found no statistically significant relationship between HLA antigens and the other variables studied including the presence of islet cell antibodies, complement fixing islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, organ-specific antibodies, fasting and maximal glucagon stimulated C-peptide levels, initial glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of fusidic acid on pancreatic islet allograft rejection.

We examined in fully mismatched rats, the survival of pancreatic islet allografts in recipients treated with either fusidic acid (FA), an antistaphyllococcal antibiotic that has been shown to possess an immunosuppressive effect in vitro and in vivo, or cyclosporin-A (CsA). Islets were isolated by collagenase digestion, separated from acinar tissue by handpicking under a dissecting microscope and transplanted into the liver by portal vein injection of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The results indicated that while a temporary immunosuppression with CsA achieved an indefinite islet allograft survival, FA administered to recipients daily was not able to prevent islet allograft rejection across a major histocompatibility barrier. We conclude that despite the fact that fusidic acid has been claimed to act as an-immunosuppressant drug in vitro with effects similar to those of CsA, unlike CsA, FA given either orally or by s.c. injection was not effective to prolong islet allograft survival in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclosporine does not inhibit the process of revascularization of pancreatic islet transplantation.

The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin-A (CsA) has been widely used to prevent pancreatic islet allograft rejection. Because it has been suggested that CsA may inhibit the process of revascularization of transplanted islets, the purpose of the study was to analyze by a double indirect immunofluorescence technique the revascularization process of isolated islets grafted in the liver and in the renal subcapsular space of rats treated with immunosuppressive doses of CsA. Lewis rats were grafted with either Lewis (isografts) or Wistar (allografts) pancreatic islets obtained by collagenase digestion. Rats were killed at different days after implantation and the liver and kidney bearing the grafted islets were snap frozen and immunohistochemically stained with a double immunofluorescence technique using a rabbit antifactor-VIII antiserum (which labels endothelial cells) and a guinea pig antiinsulin antibody. Islets implanted into nonimmunosuppressed hosts completed revascularization by days 3-7 after transplantation, as shown by the detection of endothelial cells within and surrounding the islets. The identical staining pattern of revascularization was observed in nonrejecting allografts as well as in isografts treated with CsA. We conclude that CsA did not inhibit the process of revascularization of rat islets after free transplantation. This finding is relevant for human islet transplantation, where CsA is currently employed to prevent kidney and islet allograft rejection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Follow-up study of the revascularization process of purified rat islet beta-cell grafts.

The revascularization of islets of Langerhans transplanted in heterotopic sites like the liver by portal vein embolization or the renal subcapsular space is a major process necessary for the viability of grafted cells. This process has been extensively studied by different techniques and the results have shown that islet revascularization is an early phenomenon that takes place soon after transplantation. In this report we have analyzed by a double indirect immunofluorescence technique, the revascularization process of purified endocrine islet beta-cells transplanted in the renal subcapsular space of syngeneic rats. Lewis rats were grafted with islets cultured for 24 h, with a suspension of purified beta-cells cultured for 24 h, and with a suspension of purified beta plus nonbeta-cells cultured for 24 h. Rats were killed at different days after implantation and the kidney bearing the grafts were snap frozen and immunohistochemically stained with a rabbit anti factor VIII antiserum (which labels endothelial cells). Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that cultured islets completed revascularization by days 3-5 after transplantation, as shown by the detection of capillary endothelial cells within and surrounding the islets. Within purified endocrine beta-cell grafts, the presence of numerous endothelial cells was not observed until days 10-14, indicating that revascularization of beta-cells with host vessels is not such an early phenomenon as it takes place in whole isolated islets. Conversely, the addition of a population of endocrine nonbeta-cells to the purified islet cell grafts, partially accelerated the revascularization of pure beta-cell grafts, which showed the presence of abundant capillary endothelial cells already at day 7 after transplantation, indicating that some other unidentified factors besides the absence of endothelial cells may explain the retardation of beta-cell grafts revascularization.

Animals↗