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Biomedical subjects

R Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to R Goldstein.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

Pseudohypacusis.

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Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The involvement of arginine vasotocin in the maturation of the kitten brain.

In order to investigate the effects of the nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) on the maturation of the brain, the following developmental data were tabulated between 5 and 21 days of postnatal life, in kittens, after the daily intraperitoneal administration of 10(-6) mg synthetic AVT: sleep, daily increase of body weight and locomotor, and investigative activities (LIA). Likewise, the day of the eye opening was noted and the brain weight as well as the total lipid levels within the brain in the day of sacrifice (21 days of age) were measured. The daily administration of AVT induced: (1) an increase of the total amount as well as of the intensity of active sleep (AS); (2) a decrease of the LIA; (3) a decrease of the total lipid levels within the brain and (4) a retardation of the eye opening. These effects appeared to be specific because neither arginine vasopressin, nor oxytocin, in the same doses (10(-6) mg), were able to reproduce the effects of AVT. The present results demonstrate that chronic administration of AVT is associated with a retardation of brain maturation. Whether AVT induces this effect by an unique mechanism or there are different mechanisms for the reported developmental data that were affected by AVT, is unknown. However, the present results suggest that the pineal gland, by its effector within the brain. AVT, is involved by an inhibitory pathway in the brain maturation and the hypothesis is advanced that the decrease of AVT content of fetal and neonatal brain could represent a hormonal signal for triggering the beginning of the brain maturation phenomena.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Slow-wave sleep induced in cats by extremely small amounts of synthetic and pineal vasotocin injected into the third ventricle of the brain.

A single injection of 10(-6) pg synthetic arginine vasotocin (AVT), corresponding to about 600 molecules AVT, into the third ventricle of unanesthetized cats, induced slow-wave sleep 5 min after the injection. An equivalent amount, of a partially purified pineal AVT injected into the third ventricle, produced the same effects. After incubation with trypsin, pineal AVT completely lost its ability to induce slow-wave sleep. The slow-wave sleep induced by 10(-6) pg synthetic AVT injected intraventricularly could be matched by 1 microgram synthetic AVT injected intraperitoneally. Neither synthetic arginine vasopressin, nor synthetic oxytocin, injected intraventricularly in the amount of 10(-6) pg, was able to induce slow-wave sleep. Whereas in the control animals injected with pineal AVT after incubation with trypsin, or in the control animals injected with vasopressin or oxytocin, the paradoxical sleep averaged 21.9--22.8% of the sleep time, during a total recording time of 5 hr, in the cats injected with synthetic or pineal AVT, the paradoxical sleep was completely suppressed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical effectiveness of epidural bupivacaine, bupivacaine with lidocaine, and bupivacaine with fentanyl for labor analgesia.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of bupivacaine alone and in combination with lidocaine or fentanyl for epidural analgesia during labor. DESIGN: Randomized, single-blind study. SETTING: Labor and delivery unit at a university medical center. PATIENTS: Forty-five primiparas requesting epidural analgesia. INTERVENTIONS: Following epidural placement at L3-4 interspace, patients received either bupivacaine 0.5% (Group 1, n = 15), bupivacaine 0.25% with lidocaine 1% (Group 2, n = 15), or bupivacaine 0.5% with fentanyl 50 micrograms in 10 ml of saline (Group 3, n = 15). Patients in Groups 1 and 2 received 6 to 10 ml of local anesthetic depending on patient height, while patients in Group 3 received 5 ml of local anesthetic plus 50 micrograms of fentanyl in 10 ml of saline. All solutions contained epinephrine 1:200,000. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients were assessed at regular intervals following administration of the epidural solution. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were used to measure onset of analgesia, time to complete pain relief, duration of analgesia, and patient satisfaction with therapy. The frequency of shivering and pruritus and the extent of sensory/motor block also were evaluated. There were no intragroup differences in time to complete pain relief or patient satisfaction. However, patients in Group 3 noted the most rapid onset and longest duration of pain relief. Patients in Group 3 also experienced significantly less shivering and had the lowest degree of motor block. Two patients in Group 3 experienced mild pruritus. CONCLUSIONS: Epidurally administered fentanyl safely extended the duration of labor analgesia while reducing bupivacaine dose requirements and magnitude of motor block. In this setting, the combination of bupivacaine and lidocaine offered no clinical advantage over bupivacaine alone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absorption of medium chain triglycerides in the stomach of the human infant.

Following previous observations that medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are absorbed from the stomach of suckling rats, this study was devoted to studying absorption of MCTs in human infants. Four groups of patients were studied: (a) infants suffering from pyloric stenosis, (b) premature infants, (c) children suffering from cystic fibrosis, (d) infants with miscellaneous conditions. Infant formulae with known amounts of MCT were introduced by gastric tube and samples were removed at 0, 20, 40, and 60 min. In patients with pyloric stenosis there was an 18.1% decrease in MCT during the first 20 min. No significant changes in MCT took place during the subsequent 40 min. A similar response was observed in the group of premature infants. Older infants with miscellaneous diagnoses and children with cystic fibrosis showed an even rate of disappearance of MCT during the 60-min test period, and approximately 30% of the original MCTs present disappeared during this period. We conclude that MCTs are absorbed in the stomach of infants and children. Absorption appears to improve with age. Because MCT are an important constituent of formulae for premature infants and children with defects of small intestinal digestion and absorption of fat, these observations have practical implications.

Cystic Fibrosis↗