Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to R Goldstein.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Pharmacological evidence that effects of vasotocin on brain maturation are mediated by GABA mechanisms.

Active sleep, brain weight as well as total lipids and galactolipids were assayed in 8-day-old rat pups, after daily administration (between 2 and 8 days of postnatal age) of saline, arginine vasotocin (AVT) (10(-7) mg), picrotoxin (5 x 10(-5) mg), valproic acid (10(-5) and 10(-6) mg) or of AVT + picrotoxin and AVT + valproic acid. AVT increases active sleep and decreases the weight, total lipids and the galactolipids of the brain. Although picrotoxin alone was without any apparent effects on maturational parameters, when administered together with AVT, it completely prevented AVT from producing its effects. Valproic acid had AVT-like effects when administered in a higher dose (10(-5) mg), but was without any apparent effects when administered in the lower dose (10(-6) mg). However, both doses intensely potentiated the effects of AVT. Since both drugs specifically interfere with the GABAergic neurotransmission, it is concluded that AVT retards the accumulation of brain lipids by activating a GABAergic pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Rho-dependent transcription termination of a bacterial operon is antagonized by an extrachromosomal gene product.

The psu gene product of "phasmid" (phage-plasmid) P4 acts as a transcription antitermination factor in trans and in cis, respectively, within the morphogenic operons of its P2 phage helper during lytic viral development and on P4 itself during the establishment stage of its alternative mode of propagation as a plasmid. Here we show that psu also antagonizes activity of the Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho at the terminator of the trp operon. Such a finding provides to our knowledge the first direct evidence for antitermination activity at a known rho-dependent site by the psu gene product. It also reveals an example of an extrachromosomal gene product that acts on specific sites of three different genomes to regulate expression of unlinked families of genes.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1986

Hypovitaminosis E induced neuropathy in exocrine pancreatic failure.

A 4 year old girl with congenital nerve deafness and pancreatic insufficiency had incapacitating ataxia. Electrophysiological studies of the median nerve and the brain stem evoked response were abnormal. Serum vitamin E concentration was low. After intramuscular injections of vitamin E the ataxia disappeared and electrophysiological variables reverted to normal.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1986

Effect of amiodarone on blood lipids.

Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic drug with a prolonged half life. The administration of amiodarone for 6 weeks in rabbits caused a significant elevation of serum lipids. We measured serum lipoproteins in 24 patients before, 30 and 90 days after treatment with amiodarone. Serum triglycerides decreased for all patients from 140.1 +/- 11.6 to 122.7 +/- 10.2 (p less than 0.05) whilst total cholesterol decreased from 211.4 +/- 19.5 to 194.4 +/- 13.3 (p = 0.08) in female patients only. There was no change in high density lipoprotein concentrations. These data are in contrast to those found in rabbits and are probably due to the smaller doses of amiodarone used on our patients.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1986

Problems and complications encountered in replantation surgery.

The surgical techniques involved in a discipline as comparatively new and complex as replantation might be expected to result in a significant rate of complications. However, serious complications related to replantation surgery remain relatively infrequent. Meticulous attention to detail helps to avoid predicaments, minimizes potential problems, and allows the surgeon to correct the occasional complication that arises.

Amputation Stumps↗
PubMed1985

Vasotocin-like activity of cerebrospinal fluid induced by habenular lesions in cats.

The cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, taken at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after multiple electrolitic lesions of lateral habenular (LHB) lesions or of thalamus, performed in urethane anesthetized cats, were assayed for their antidiuretic and hydroosmotic activities before and after trypsine or thioglycollate incubation. LHB but not thalamic lesions, specifically induced the appearance of antidiuretic and hydroosmotic activities at 60 and 120 minutes. The activities decreased under the bioassays sensibilities at 180 minutes. The biological activities of the CSF samples, their ratio as well as their susceptibility to tryptic digestion and thioglycollate incubation suggest that LHB lesions induce the release of a basic peptide with a disulfide bound, indistinguishable from arginine vasotocin (AVT). Since it was previously argued that there is a pineal-habenula circuit with AVT as neuromudulator, it is advanced the hypothesis that LHB lesions interfere with an inhibitory feed-back loop between habenula and the pineal gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Tympanometric and acoustic-reflex studies in neonates.

Tympanograms and acoustic reflexes for a broadband noise and for a 1000-Hz tone were measured in normal neonates. Notched tympanograms were typical of neonatal ears for a 220-Hz probe tone. A single-peaked tympanogram was most characteristic for a probe frequency of 660 Hz. Ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflexes were present more frequently for a 660-Hz probe tone compared to a 220-Hz probe tone, but acoustic-reflex thresholds were not significantly different between probe tones. As with adults, acoustic-reflex thresholds for the noise were significantly lower than for the tone, and ipsilateral reflex thresholds were lower than contralateral reflex thresholds. Reliability of acoustic-reflex and tympanometric measures was high. Age change from 2 to 4 days had no significant effect on tympanometric or acoustic-reflex characteristics. There was no apparent relation between tympanometric pattern and acoustic-reflex characteristics.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1985

Increased maternal-fetal transport of fat in diabetes assessed by polyunsaturated fatty acid content in fetal lipids.

The distribution of fatty acids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in total lipid and triglyceride fraction of extracts of several tissues of streptozotocin-diabetic rats and their fetuses on day 20 of pregnancy. In maternal rats, diabetes did not significantly affect fatty acid distribution apart from small changes in the relative content of linoleate in adipose tissue and liver. In the placenta, the fetal carcass and the fetal liver the triglyceride content increased approximately 2-fold as a result of maternal diabetes, in association with the elevation in triglycerides and free fatty acids in the maternal circulation. A pronounced increase in the relative content of linoleate was recorded in the total lipid and triglyceride extracts of placenta (35 and 59%), fetal carcass (56 and 66%) and fetal liver (100 and 205%). Small increases in arachidonate proportion were also seen in some fetal tissues. The large increase in fetal hepatic linoleate indicates that this tissue is an important uptake target of maternal lipids transported in excess into the fetus. The results confirm the previous observations on increased transplacental fat passage in diabetes by demonstrating that the increment in the essential fatty acid, linoleate, parallels the diabetes-induced triglyceride accumulation in the fetoplacental unit.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

The effect of immediate-type gastrointestinal allergic reactions on brush border enzymes and gut morphology in the rat.

The aim of the present study was to create clearly documented immediate-type allergy to food protein in the intestine of rats and to study some pathophysiological phenomena induced by challenge with the allergen. To achieve this, rats were sensitized with ovalbumin. A passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction to ovalbumin was negative in all controls and positive in all test animals when Bordetella pertussis was used as adjuvant. Sixty minutes after an intravenous injection of 125I-human serum albumin and 45 min after an ovalbumin challenge, given by gavage, the rats were sacrificed. The intestine was removed and sections taken for morphologic studies. The remainder was rinsed, opened, cut into measured segments, weighed, and the radioactivity was measured. Disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, and protein were estimated in homogenates of epithelium. Results in both control and test animals showed that radioactivity decreased as one moved distally along the intestine. However, radioactivity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the intestine of test animals than in controls. Radioactivity in liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs was identical in test and control animals. There was significant reduction in levels of alkaline phosphatase (p varied from less than 0.05 to less than 0.001), maltase (p less than 0.05), and sucrase (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). Lactase activity in contrast was significantly raised (p less than 0.05). There was no change in intestinal morphology or in the intestinal mast cell count.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Attention to television: intrastimulus effects of movement and scene changes on alpha variation over time.

Central and occipital EEG alpha were used as an on-line measure of momentary changes in covert attention during television viewing. Alpha was recorded during nine 30-second commercials shown embedded in a half-hour situation comedy. Two time series were constructed for data analysis. A stimulus series consisted of codes representing the presence or absence of scene changes or person and object movement for each half-second interval of the commercials. The alpha series consisted of median alpha scores for each half-second interval, aggregated across 26 subjects. The alpha series was regressed on the movement and scene change series, both of which produced significant increments in R, even after autocorrelational effects inherent in the alpha series were removed. As a validity check on the attentional interpretation of alpha, it was shown that mean alpha for each commercial was significantly (negatively) correlated with recall and recognition of commercial contents. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for further use of continuously-recorded alpha in research on factors that influence attention to television.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic and predictive value of the lupus band test in undifferentiated connective tissue disease. A followup study.

The value of the lupus band test (LBT) in predicting outcome of patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (CTD) was studied. Thirty-three patients with undifferentiated CTD who had LBT between 1977 and 1982 underwent repeat clinical and serological assessments and LBT at 13 to 59 months followup. Six patients (18%) developed SLE, and 2 (6%) developed rheumatoid arthritis during the followup period. No single, combination, number, or intensity of proteins at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) or epidermal nuclear staining (ENS) could be used to predict which undifferentiated CTD patients would develop SLE at followup. Findings on LBT were not significantly different in patients with undifferentiated CTD versus SLE.

Complement C3↗