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Biomedical subjects

R Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to R Goldman.

249 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Papain membrane on a collodion matrix: preparation and enzymic behavior.

A stable papain membrane has been prepared on a collodion matrix by absorbing papain in a collodion membrane and then cross-linking the papain with bisdiazobenzidine 3,3'-disulfonic acid. The pH-dependence of the activity of the enzyme membrane on the low-molecular-weight substrate, benzoylarginine ethyl ester, was found to differ from that of crystalline papain; the activity was low in the neutral pH range where the native enzyme has its optimum and high at alkaline pH. This anomalous behavior is due to a lowering of the local pH within the membrane as a result of the release of acid by the enzymic hydrolysis of the ester substrate.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

YAC-Lymphoma bearing induces functional changes in bone marrow derived mononuclear phagocytes.

Bone marrow derived mononuclear phagocytes (BMDMP) differentiated in vitro from bone marrows of YAC-lymphoma bearing mice and Corynebacterium parvum (CP)-inflamed mice shown to differ in several functional parameters from those derived from bone marrows of control mice. The former 2 BMDMP populations expressed: (a) an increased level of acid phosphatase activity; (b) an increased degree of zymosan-induced chemiluminescence reaction; (c) a lower sensitivity of the proliferative capacity to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as compared to the BMDMP population from normal mice. These data suggest that YAC-lymphoma bearing in A/J mice induces similarly to inflammatory stimuli changes in the functional capacity of bone marrow mononuclear phagocyte precursor cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibacterial agents specifically inhibiting lipopolysaccharide synthesis.

The spread of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria has sustained a continuing search for new agents with antibacterial activity against this important class of bacterial pathogen. Because the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unique to Gram-negative bacteria and required by them for growth and virulence, attempts have been made to discover or design antibacterial agents acting at this site; however, no such agents have so far been developed. We now present definitive experimental data documenting design of the first member of the class of antibacterial compounds which specifically inhibit LPS synthesis. The target enzyme is 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate cytidylytransferase (CMP-KDO synthetase), a cytoplasmic enzyme which activates 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO) for incorporation into LPS. A specific inhibitor of CMP-KDO synthetase, alpha-C-(1,5-anhydro-7-amino-2,7-dideoxy-D-manno-heptopyranosyl)-carboxy late was designed using results of our studies of the purified enzyme. LPS synthesis ceased and lipid A precursor accumulated, causing growth stasis and perturbation of outer membrane structure and function, following delivery of the inhibitor to the intracellular target by a peptide carrier. Antibacterial action required an intact oligopeptide permease system and specific intracellular aminopeptidase activity to release inhibitor from the peptide prodrug.

Aldehyde-Lyases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal arteritis-like presentation of carotid atherosclerosis.

A 68 year-old woman presented with a two-week history of amaurosis fugax, ipsilateral fronto-temporal headache and jaw claudication suggesting carotid giant cell arteritis. However, this syndrome proved to be due to atherosclerosis causing complete occlusion of the external carotid artery at its origin and narrowing of the internal carotid artery. Combined external and internal carotid endarterectomy relieved the symptoms. The symptom complex of temporal arteritis may be rarely mimicked by carotid atherosclerotic occlusive disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epithelioid monophasic synovial sarcoma.

A 47-year-old man presented with a soft tissue mass of the distal right thigh near the knee. The tumor was highly vascular with epithelioid tumor cells growing in a peritheliomatous pattern, suggesting a soft tissue glomus tumor. Yet many tumor cells contained hemosiderin pigment and formed papillary structures suggestive of pigmented villonodular synovitis. Tumor cells were cytologically bland, and there was minimal mitotic activity. The tumor cells were strongly immunoreactive for cytokeratin, however, and contained true desmosomes, gland lumina, microvilli, tonofilaments, and well-developed basal lamina. These findings plus the absence perinuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments rule out malignant rhabdoid tumor and epithelioid sarcoma. Also, magnetic resonance imaging revealed no other lesions to suggest metastatic carcinoma. Thus this tumor appears to be a predominantly epithelioid form of monophasic synovial sarcoma. Recognition of this variant of synovial sarcoma is important for prognostication and therapeutic decision making because some studies indicate that this variant of synovial sarcoma follows a relatively benign clinical course.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular epidemiology of breast cancer.

Molecular epidemiology evaluates cancer risk based upon environmental exposures and genetically determined susceptibilities. Biomarkers, molecular indicators of exposure or disease state, are used to stake out the progression of a disease along plausible mechanistic pathways. Connecting biomarkers of exposure, (e.g., carcinogen DNA adducts), effect (e.g., mutations in tumor suppressor genes), or disease (e.g., histological abnormalities) can clarify the etiology of cancer, improve risk estimates, and lead to better preventive strategies. In this review, the following evidence is used to evaluate the possible contribution of environmental carcinogens to breast cancer: a) genetic predispositions in familial breast cancer, b) mutational spectra of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, c) chemical carcinogenesis in breast cancer models, and d) genetic polymorphisms in sporadic breast cancer.

Animals↗