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Biomedical subjects

R Girard

Publications and source records attributed to R Girard.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Psychological strength and tension according to Pierre Janet].

Janet's psychological studies are focused on behavior. In this objectival perspective, action appears to be underlain by two parameters, i.e. strength and tension. The latter is connected with a hierarchic organization of the psychological facts which are topped by the reality function. The different stages of the development of this theory are exposed. The author emphasizes the first works about hysteria and psychasthenia. The later studies on tendencies and sentiments are more concisely mentioned.

France↗
PubMed1980

Paraplegia during skin-diving. (13 cases).

Thirteen paraplegias after decompression have been treated in the 5 centres of Lyons, Geneva, Mulhouse, Basel and Strasbourg. All these cases are somehow comparable: 12 males, 1 female, skilled and well-trained divers are involved from 27 to 50 years. Submersion between 30 and 42 metres, during 15 to 30 minutes. Ascension with or without decompression stops. Beginning with sudden posterior thoracic, 4 feeling sick, 2 becoming briedly unconscious, paralysis after a while (until 1 hour). All have received hyperbaric oxygenation (from 1 to 5 hours later), with an improvement for 10. Neurological findings. 5 tetraplegics, 7 para-(5 with Brown-Sequard), and one LI. Quickly, the tetraplegics improved to a thoracic level. In two cases, paraplegia remained complete at thoracic level. The others had a better evolution; the paralysis improved slowly, with marked spasticity, impaired sensation did not improve to such an extent, often localised at a lower level, with sexual impotence. Micturitions became normal but with often urine leakages. This rather favourable evolution allowed 11 to go back to work.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Neurologic injuries, paraosteoarthropathies, and human leukocyte antigens.

The distribution of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) A and B has been evaluated in the circulatory lymphocytes of 68 patients with spinal cord injury and 32 with severe head injury. Paraosteoarthropathy (POA) was present in 43 spinal cord injury and 23 head injury patients. HLA-B 18 was found in 25.7% of the subjects with POA. Among 341 healthy subjects, the frequency of HLA-B 18 was 7.6%. There is a 0% frequency in patients without POA. The frequency of the HLA-B 18 antigen is significantly raised in POA patients, suggesting relationship between the development of POA and the presence of the HLA-B 18 marker. The presence of HLA-B 18 might be associated with an increased risk of POA in patients with lesion of the central nervous system.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1979

The technical aids of tetraplegic patients.

A twenty-minute film shows how tetraplegic patients can compensate their disability thanks to very simple means. The independence of tetraplegic patients is considered with non-sophisticated equipment that are to be used every day in every department of occupational therapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Alternation of low and high affinities of secreted and cell-bound antibodies during the anamnestic response of rabbits to Salmonella senftenberg microorganisms.

We have investigated at the cellular level the variations in affinities of secreted antibodies and of cell receptors during the anamnestic response of rabbits, by using an immunization schedule made up of administrations, over successive intervals of 40 days, of Salmonella senftenberg vaccine. Affinities of free and membrane-bound antibodies biosynthesized at a given time were measured by inhibition of haemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) and rosette-forming cells (RFC) with spleen, lymph node, and peripheral blood cells. The immunodominant monosaccharide, methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (alpha-Me-Glc), was used as inhibitor, and the target cells were coated with the O-specific polysaccharide of the immunogenic microorganisms. We observed that the monosaccharide concentration causing a 50% inhibition (I50) alternated between low and high values in both PFC and RFC assays. Furthermore, when sheep erythrocytes were coated with polysaccharides from other strains of Salmonella bearing the determinants for serotypes 1 or 3 the percentage of cross-reactive PFC obtained exhibited a reverse oscillating pattern of variation. These results demonstrated that affinity of secreted antibodies or of antigen-receptors of cells, directed against different determinants of the antigenic polysaccharide, alternated between low and high values after each new vaccine administration. Possible mechanisms accounting for this phenomenon are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Semiological value of painful sensitivity of the testis in spinal cord injuries [proceedings].

About 85 cases of spinal cord male injured patients; the authors bring their experience of the painful sensitivity of the testis by squeezing the gland. This sign has a semiological value about the topography and the level of complete and incomplete cord syndromes. It is of no value for the testicular fertility. The rehabilitation of neurological bladders must take this sign into account so as to appreciate the type of micturition.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Epidemiology of spinal cord injury in the Rhône-Alpes Region, France, 1970-75.

Three hundred and fifty-one cases of traumatic spinal cord injuries concerning only inhabitants of the Rhône-Alpes region have been collected at Henry Gabrielle Hospital. Incidence and prevalence are discussed, as well as male/female ratio, causes of accidents, and their relationship to sex, race, age, vertebral level, associated injuries and profession.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1977

[Immobilisation hypercalcaemia (author's transl)].

Hypercalcaemia would seem to be rare during immobilisation, whilst osteoporosis and hypercalciuria are constant. In fact, it often goes unnoticed. The case presented here confirms its predominance in the adolescent male. The reason for immobilisation seems to be irrelevant. The clinical symptoms are very variable: polydipsia, nausea, headache, apathy, anorexia. Blood calcium levels are raised, up to 14 mg%. This hypercalcaemia is due to very marked bone loss in adolescents, secondary to hyper-resorption and a temporary stoppage in osseous formation. The differential diagnosis from primary hyperparathyroidism is sometimes difficult but is aided by laboratory and histological findings. The essential is to consider the possibility of immobilisation hypercalcaemia in the presence of any suggestive symptoms in an immobilised adolescent. Treatment includes a return to weight bearing, adequate water intake and the administration of phosphorus, calcitonin, furosemide, and corticosteroids.

Adolescent↗