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Biomedical subjects

R Giorgetti

Publications and source records attributed to R Giorgetti.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Distal movement of maxillary canines and premolars with sectional mechanics following Distal Jet application to molars.

OBJECTIVES: to assess the effectiveness of Distal Jet without simultaneous fixed appliance treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: twenty subjects with Class II malocclusion who received the Distal Jet appliance to move maxillary molars distally. Subsequently, the canine and premolar distal movements were achieved by the use of.017 x.025 Ni-Ti sectional wires and memory power chain. RESULTS: revealed that Distal Jet is more effective with less anchorage loss when this appliance is used independent of multibracket appliances. CONCLUSION: this study showed that Distal Jet is an effective and predictable appliance. The distal movements of upper premolars, canines and incisors with sectional wires fabricated from.017 x.025 Ni-Ti were biomechanically very effective, simple in clinical application, and did not require any patient compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A functional approach to the TMJ disorders.

This manuscript describes our conservative approach to treatment of TMJ disorders. The method we use had been suggested by Rocabado - its aims are: joint distraction by the elimination of compression, restoration of physiologic articular rest, mobilization of the soft tissues, and whenever possible, to improve the condyle-disk-glenoid fossa relationship. To support these claims two clinical cases are presented where the non-invasive therapy was successful. The results obtained confirm the validity of this functional approach.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Mucogingival interceptive surgery of buccally-erupted premolars in patients scheduled for orthodontic treatment. II. Surgically treated versus nonsurgically treated cases.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this 2-year longitudinal study was to compare the width of keratinized gingiva after orthodontic therapy for buccally erupting premolars that had been pretreated by extraction of deciduous teeth alone versus interceptive mucogingival surgery. METHODS: In 8 patients (aged 9 to 12 years) who presented with bilateral buccal eruption of homologous teeth (premolars), one side was randomly treated with extraction of the deciduous molar and mucogingival surgery (test site), while the other side was treated only by extraction of the deciduous molar (control site). All of the subjects underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. RESULTS: At the baseline visit prior to any treatment, there was no significant difference between the mean amount of keratinized gingiva at test sites (3.06 mm) and control sites (2.93 mm). Two years later, upon completion of orthodontic treatment, there was a significant difference between test (2.93 mm) and control (1.37 mm) sites in the mean width of keratinized tissue. In the control (untreated) group, 2 sites exhibited 1 mm of gingival recession after orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Mucogingival interceptive surgery is an effective technique to maintain keratinized tissue in correspondence with buccally-erupted teeth.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2000

[Alcohol, drugs, pharmacologic agents, and street safety].

Deaths due to road accidents during weekends have become a worrying phenomenon in Italy. With the aim of highlighting the role of psychotropic substances (alcohol, drugs of abuse) in causing road accidents, a survey based on clinical and chemico-toxicological analyses has been carried out on car drivers in the Veneto region during night weekends since 1994. Rapid clinical screening was carried out on 7952 drivers. 1399 of these, suspected to be under the influence of psychotropic substances, were subjected to complete clinical and toxicological ascertainment involving the following procedures: a) anamnesis, aiming at evidence of possible current or past use of psychotropic substances; b) objective clinical examination, aiming at finding evidence of recent (signs of acute or chronic intoxication) or past use (signs of withdrawal or associated organic pathologies) of psychotropic substances; c) double sampling of blood and urine and chemico-toxicological analysis using immunochemical, GC-HS and GC/MS-SIM techniques. As well as many data of social and behavioural interest, processing of results demonstrated that: a) 56.7% of the drivers examined had consumed alcoholic beverages; b) 30.4% had BACs higher than the threshold permitted in Italy (80 mg/100 ml); c) 15.7% of drivers were found to be under the influence of drugs of abuse or psychoactive drugs; d) the most frequently found substances were (in order): cannabinoids, stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines), opiates.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

Effects of single dose of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and lorazepam on psychomotor performance and subjective feelings in healthy volunteers.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the possible effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) on human psychomotor performance and subjective feelings important for the safety of skilled performance. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers, six males and six females, aged 22-36 years, participated as subjects. Drugs and placebo were administered according to a single-dose, double-blind, balanced, four-way, crossover design. Treatments were separated by a wash-out period of 1 week and consisted of placebo, lorazepam 0.03 mg x kg(-1), GHB 12.5 mg x kg(-1) and GHB 25 mg x kg(-1). Subjects' psychomotor performance was assessed at baseline and at 15, 60, 120 and 180 min after treatment. Mood was assessed using 16 visual analogue scales, before treatment and 120 min later. Psychomotor performance was measured using the following tests: Critical Flicker Fusion. Response Competition Test, Critical Tracking Task, Choice Reaction Time and Visual Vigilance Task. RESULTS: GHB at both doses had no effects on attention, vigilance, alertness, short-term memory or psychomotor co-ordination (delta-placebo, P > 0.05); calmness increased with the lower dose and contentedness decreased significantly at both doses (delta-baseline, P < 0.05); adverse effects were limited to slight subjective feelings of dizziness and dullness, which disappeared 30-60 min after administration of the dose. Lorazepam caused impairment of psychometric functions. CONCLUSION: After single therapeutic doses, GHB does not induce changes in psychomotor performance and therefore the drug does not influence the ability to drive or work. However, repeated reports of the abuse potential of GHB and its usefulness in treating ethyl alcohol addiction indicate that it may play an "agonist-like" role, which means that it should only used under close medical supervision.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Prolongation of the QT interval and the sudden infant death syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is multifactorial in origin, but its causes remain unknown. We previously proposed that prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram, possibly resulting from a developmental abnormality in cardiac sympathetic innervation, may increase the risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and contribute to this devastating disorder. We prospectively tested this hypothesis. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, we recorded electrocardiograms on the third or fourth day of life in 34,442 newborns and followed them prospectively for one year. The QT interval was analyzed with and without correction for the heart rate. RESULTS: One-year follow-up data were available for 33,034 of the infants. There were 34 deaths, of which 24 were due to SIDS. The infants who died of SIDS had a longer corrected QT interval (QTc) than did the survivors (mean [+/-SD], 435+/-45 vs. 400+/-20 msec, P<0.01) and the infants who died from causes other than SIDS (393+/-24 msec, P<0.05). Moreover, 12 of the 24 SIDS victims but none of the other infants had a prolonged QTc (defined as a QTc greater than 440 msec). When the absolute QT interval was determined for similar cardiac-cycle lengths, it was found that 12 of the 24 infants who died of SIDS had a QT value exceeding the 97.5th percentile for the study group as a whole. The odds ratio for SIDS in infants with a prolonged QTc was 41.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 17.3 to 98.4). CONCLUSIONS: Prolongation of the QT interval in the first week of life is strongly associated with SIDS. Neonatal electrocardiographic screening may permit the early identification of a substantial percentage of infants at risk for SIDS, and the institution of preventive measures may therefore be possible.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1996

[Diabetes and celiac disease: a study related to the association of the two pathologies].

In subjects afflicted with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, celiac disease is more diffuse than in normal people. The study has been done to a group of 93 diabetic children and teenagers who had undergone determination of antigliadine and antiendomysial antibodies. In the study the result of the celiac disease exceeds the data reported in the literature. The motivations of this result is discussed and the necessity to do immunological screening for celiac disease is requested. A possible intestinal biopsy of all diabetes in the beginning of the disease is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A case of glycogenosis in a patient with insulin dependent diabetes].

We are reporting a case of a diabetic girl in whom we found a hepatomegaly never noticed before. Liver function is compromised; liver ultrasound confirmed hepatomegaly; liver biopsy pointed out a picture compatible with glycogenosis. This situation was due to a hyperdosage of insulin because the patient assumed an excessive quantity of food, caused by psycho-affective disorders and therefore took an excessive quantity of insulin. Other conditions of hepatomegaly are to be considered in the process of insulin dependent diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Diagnosis of HIV infection from bloodstains by PCR. A further marker for identification.

The forensic usefulness of the detection of HIV infection in bloodstains is linked to the increasing spread of HIV infection and the consequent rise in the number of forensic cases involving HIV-positive subjects. This study was designed to detect HIV infection in bloodstains of various ages obtained from HIV-positive patients treated with zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, AZT) using PCR methods. Of the 3 kinds of extraction and amplification methods checked, only a nested PCR method for the amplification of a sequence located in the HIV Reverse Transcriptase (RT) region was successful. This method, involving 2 amplification steps (1: fragment of 768 bp; 2: codons 41-67-70-215-219), encompasses the mutations commonly observed during AZT therapy and overcomes the limitations inherent in serological testing. The discriminatory power of the method can detect specific mutation patterns in the RT gene linked to drug resistance and compares the specific pattern of the blood-stain with fresh blood or other specimens from the subject in question.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1994

Low blood alcohol concentrations and driving impairment. A review of experimental studies and international legislation.

While noting that there is no international scientific or legislative uniformity in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels admissible for driving motor vehicles, the authors analyse problems concerning the effects of low levels of ethyl alcohol on driving ability. A summary of the international literature on this subject reveals: the existence of contrasting assumptions, with scientific evidence clearly demonstrating altered psychomotor functions; the need to adopt sufficiently complex psychometric tests to reveal the effects of low BACs; the need to improve standardization of experimental studies on man-machine interaction; the need to investigate the following areas: tolerance to alcohol; low BACs with inexperienced, infrequent drinkers and chronic, heavy drinkers; hangover effects; alcohol-gender-age interactions, and specific effects on young drivers; alcohol-drug combinations. The analysis of legislation and enforcement policies also reveals the need for: re-evaluation of the international legal BAC threshold and standardization of procedures for ascertaining the degree of driving disability; further scientific research to compare and evaluate selected legislative initiatives currently in place in most states; to identify the best strategies and procedures to detect and arrest impaired drivers; to determine the optimum random testing rate to maximize deterrent effects in the workplace at minimal cost; to design innovative and comprehensive approaches to rehabilitation programs needed for subgroups of offenders and of workers; to study the effectiveness of new legislations and policies.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1994

Tunnel traction of infraosseous impacted maxillary canines. A three-year periodontal follow-up.

A surgical orthodontic procedure was used to treat deep infraosseous impacted canines (test teeth) associated with the persistence of the deciduous tooth in 15 patients who had the contralateral canine normally erupted (control teeth). The periodontal outcome was evaluated at the end of the orthodontic treatment and 3 years later. After extraction of the deciduous canine, a mucoperiosteal flap was raised on the buccal (seven cases) or palatal (eight cases) aspect, to expose the cusp of the impacted tooth. The empty socket of the deciduous tooth was extended to reach the impacted cusp and to form an osseous tunnel. A chain was passed through the tunnel and fixed to a bonded device on the impacted cusp. The flap was sutured back into its original position. The chain was used for traction to the impacted canine toward the center of the alveolar ridge. No attachment loss and no recession were observed at the end of the active therapy or 3 years later. No significant differences in keratinized tissue width were observed between test and control teeth at the follow-up examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Simultaneous identification of amphetamine and its derivatives in urine using HPLC-UV.

An HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous identification of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in urine is described. It includes a rapid extraction procedure of the 4 analogs from urine using Extrelut 3 columns, derivatization with sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) to obtain highly chromophoric UV-VIS derivatives, and a final HPLC analysis using an ion-pair reversed-phase technique with eluent monitoring at 480 nm. Structural characterization of the derivatives obtained by mass spectrometry is reported. Recoveries of the amphetamines were in the range 80-85% at concentrations of 300 ng/ml. Practical detection limits were 40-60 ng/ml (S/N ratio = 10) for all derivatives. The chromatographic peaks of the NQS derivatized amphetamines are fairly narrow and well resolved. The method is simple, rapid, quite sensitive, and specific for convenient confirmation of preliminary positive results obtained with immunoassays.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1993

Therapeutic gamma-hydroxybutyric acid monitoring in plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for the determination of therapeutic levels of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in plasma and urine samples is described. GHB is converted to its lactonic form gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) which is extracted from biological fluids after the addition of the internal standard delta-valerolactone. Final GC-MS analysis is obtained under electron impact selected ion monitoring (SIM) conditions. Mean relative recoveries of GHB from plasma and urine are 75.5% (RSD% = 2.2) and 76.4% (RSD% = 2.4), respectively. The assay is linear over a plasma GHB range of 2-200 micrograms ml-1 (r = 0.999) and a urine GHB range of 2-150 micrograms ml-1 (r = 0.998). Intra- and inter-assay relative standard deviations (n = 5) determined at 10 and 100 micrograms ml-1 are below 5%. The method is simple, specific and accurate, and may be applied for analytical purposes related to pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1992

Frequency of HLA DQA1 alleles in an Italian population.

A sample of 103 Italians was tested for HLA-DQA1 polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot blot hybridization. Results were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The power of discrimination was 0.91 and the rate of exclusion 56.7. The frequencies of the DQA1*0201 and DQA1*0301 alleles were found to be significantly different from other Caucasian populations.

Discriminant Analysis↗
PubMed1992

[Neonatal hemorrhagic syndrome with unfavorable prognosis].

The Authors describe a case of neonatal hemorrhagic syndrome associated with a large hemangioma on the left lower limb with an unfavourable prognosis. The clinical, biohumoral and anatomicopathological characteristics indicate a Kasabach-Merrit syndrome (SKM) with massive platelet sequestration in the large hemangioma. The pathogenetical mechanisms of SKM and the medical surgical and radiant therapy are mentioned. The Authors also discuss the various diagnostic problems imposed by the presence of serious hemorrhagic pathology at neonatal age.

Heart Arrest↗
PubMed1992

[Morphofunctional correlations in children with upper maxillary endognathia].

In this study 23 oral breathing children suffering from maxillary hypoplasia (endognathia associated with skeletal class II or III), selected for rapid maxillary expansion (RME) have been investigated by active anterior rhinometry. None of these patients presented O.R.L. pathologies during clinical examination except for some sporadic cases of adenoid hypertrophy (5 cases). Rhinomanometric and cephalometric examinations carried out before and after RME treatment showed a good correlation between the nasal respiratory function parameters and the structural cephalometric elements investigated by means of teleradiography. In particular, an important reduction in nasal respiratory resistance in all patients with conversion from oral to nasal respiration in the majority of cases corresponds, together with cross-bite resolution, to increased transversal dimension of the maxilla produced by RME. A clear regression in adenoid hypertrophy, where present, is also noted without any type of O.R.L. treatment. The improved respiratory situation could therefore produce benefits on the trophism of the nasal mucous and the lymphatic rhinopharyngeal tissue. Agreement between clinical, radiological and rhinomanometric findings confirm the usefulness of this method in diagnosing and following-up patients with this problem.

Adolescent↗