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Biomedical subjects

R Giordano

Publications and source records attributed to R Giordano.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Aluminum removal after chronic intoxication in rats.

Aluminum concentrations were measured in serum and in the bone, liver, spleen, kidney and brain of male Wistar rats treated with aluminum lactate. The administration was performed intraperitoneally over a period of 109 days, giving a total elemental aluminum dose of 128 mg per rat. After loading, a group of animals was killed together with blanks to verify the level of aluminum accumulation. Two groups of remaining rats were administered with deferoxamine over a period of six and fifteen weeks, respectively, receiving total doses of 270 and 675 mg of DFO. The concentrations of aluminum in serum and in tissues were compared with those found in other groups of animals undergoing aluminum suspension. The determination of iron in liver was also performed. Results indicate that in this experimental model the action of deferoxamine was preferential toward tone while it seemed lacking in the other examined tissues.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Alzheimer dementia and the aluminum hypothesis.

The possible involvement of environmental aluminum in the etiology of Alzheimer disease and of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type is supported by both direct and indirect relationships between some encephalopathies and the abnormal presence of aluminum(III) in human and animal brain tissues. Proposals for further biochemical, toxicological and analytical work are illustrated.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Diverse point mutations in the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene cause enzyme deficiency and mild or severe hemolytic anemia.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; EC 1.1.1.49) deficiency is a common genetic abnormality affecting an estimated 400 million people worldwide. Clinical and biochemical analyses have identified many variants exhibiting a range of phenotypes, which have been well characterized from the hematological point of view. However, until now, their precise molecular basis has remained unknown. We have cloned and sequenced seven mutant G6PD alleles. In the nondeficient polymorphic African variant G6PD A we have found a single point mutation. The other six mutants investigated were all associated with enzyme deficiency. In one of the commonest, G6PD Mediterranean, which is associated with favism among other clinical manifestations, a single amino acid replacement was found (serine----phenylalanine): it must be responsible for the decreased stability and the reduced catalytic efficiency of this enzyme. Single point mutations were also found in G6PD Metaponto (Southern Italy) and in G6PD Ilesha (Nigeria), which are asymptomatic, and in G6PD Chatham, which was observed in an Indian boy with neonatal jaundice. In G6PD "Matera," which is now known to be the same as G6PD A-, two separate point mutations were found, one of which is the same as in G6PD A. In G6PD Santiago, a de novo mutation (glycine----arginine) is associated with severe chronic hemolytic anemia. The mutations observed show a striking predominance of C----T transitions, with CG doublets involved in four of seven cases. Thus, diverse point mutations may account largely for the phenotypic heterogeneity of G6PD deficiency.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Intracranial sarcoma with reactive glioma: a clinicopathological case report.

The clinicopathologic picture of a case of so-called 'sarcoglioma' is reported. This tumor is characterized by a core of sarcomatous tissue, surrounded by an area of gradual transition from reactive to neoplastic glial cells; it occurs in children or in young adults and is very rare in comparison with the secondary sarcoma deriving from the vascular component of a glioblastoma (so-called 'gliosarcoma'). The clinical and laboratory features and the pathology of this case are discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cardiotoxicity of the lipophilic compound aluminum acetylacetonate in rabbits.

Aluminum acetylacetonate was administered to New Zealand white rabbits as liposome preparations and was found to distribute approximately 1:1 between water and phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl vesicles. Biochemical monitoring proved that after 2 weeks of daily injection of 40 micrograms of Al(III) in the above form, the animals developed significant signs of cardiac suffering, evidenced by variations in lactic dehydrogenase and creatinine phospokinase. Histopathologic investigation revealed that aluminum acetylacetonate caused unambiguous myocardial infarcts, characterized by myocardial contraction bands. In contrast, injection of Al(III) as a simple salt (lactate, 20 mg/day for 3 weeks) gave a less severe myocardiopathy, certainly not infarctual. Aluminum acetylacetonate given to rabbits appears to be, to our knowledge, the only chemical tool able to mimic spontaneous infarction situations in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Aluminum bone content in dialysis osteodystrophy with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

To assess whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) has any effect on bone aluminium (A1) accumulation, we evaluated the relationship between bone quantitative histomorphometry and bone A1 content in 25 dialysis patients with clinical features of secondary hyperparathyroidism. By means of bone biopsy, patients were classified as showing predominant hyperparathyroidism in 17 cases and mixed lesions in 8. The A1 burden was low, judging from the dialysate A1 and the oral A1 assumption. Bone A1 content and serum A1 levels were higher than normal in both groups, particularly so in the patients with predominant hyperparathyroidism. Significant positive correlations were found between bone indexes of hyperparathyroidism and bone A1 content. Moreover, bone and serum A1 concentrations were directly related. Aluminium staining appeared faintly positive only in a minority of bone samples, and was mainly localized at the neutral bone surfaces. We conclude that in dialysis osteodystrophies with features of secondary hyperparathyroidism and in a clinical setting characterized by low-grade A1 burden, PTH may favour A1 accumulation into the bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pineal germinoma: diagnosis, treatment and tumor response.

We report the case of pineal germinoma in a 25 year old man. The neurological signs and symptoms were insidious in onset; Parinaud syndrome allowed a topical diagnosis, confirmed by CT scan. Computerized Tomography and CSF cytological examination were of the utmost importance to diagnosis and treatment and it confirmed the success of radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

L-ascorbatemia during biofiltration.

In a study of the intradialytic behaviour of l-ascorbatemia during acetate and bicarbonate dialysis we noted the paradoxical increase in l-ascorbatemia during the first hour of acetate dialysis. During biofiltration, the intradialytic curve of l-ascorbatemia is similar to that in bicarbonate dialysis, even though an acetate dialysis bath is used. Thus the paradoxical rise of l-ascorbatemia during acetate dialysis may be due to the relative acidosis of the first hour.

Acetates↗
PubMed1984

Polyomavirus growth and persistence in Friend erythroleukemic cells.

Infection of Friend erythroleukemic (FL) cells by polyomavirus (Py) invariably results in the selection of persistently infected FL-Py cell lines and clones. Anti-Py serum treatment of FL-Py lines and clones leads to the loss of Py genome and consequent cell cure. Conversely, cure has not been obtained in FL-PytsA cell lines (isolated after infection by a Py thermosensitive early mutant) and their derivative clones cultivated for a long time at nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C), where viral large-T protein is inactive. Rescue of viral particles has always been obtained after shifting cells to 32 degrees C. Integrated viral genomes were detected by blot hybridization in an FL-PytsA clone at 39 degrees C. Long-term observation of FL-Py cell lines and their derivative clones reveals a reciprocal selection mechanism (coevolution) between the viral and the cellular populations, resulting in either a completely virus-free Py-resistant FL cell line (cure) or in a continuously Py-shedding line bearing Py genome variants. Structural analysis of these viral populations has been carried out, and some viral variants have been isolated and characterized. On the basis of the results obtained, the possible mechanisms of Py persistence in FL cells will be discussed.

Animals↗