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Biomedical subjects

R Gilliland

Publications and source records attributed to R Gilliland.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Hydrochloric acid denaturation of colorectal tumour tissue infiltrated with bromodeoxyuridine.

The thymidine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine, is substituted into DNA during DNA synthesis and can be used to identify those cells which have passed through the S-phase of the cell cycle. Incorporated bromodeoxyuridine can be detected using anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibodies which bind to the exposed bromodeoxyuridine in single-stranded DNA after a suitable denaturation step. Hydrochloric acid is the most commonly employed denaturation agent in bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody methodologies. This preliminary study was to validate the hydrochloric acid denaturation step for colorectal tumour tissue infiltrated in vivo with bromodeoxyuridine. Standard immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric techniques using Bu20a were employed across a range of hydrochloric acid concentrations. Although high labelling indices were achieved using acid concentrations of 0.10 M HCl, the optimal hydrochloric acid concentration was not the same in all tumours. Sensitivity of DNA to hydrochloric acid denaturation should be carefully considered in bromodeoxyuridine methodologies using the monoclonal antibody Bu20a.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Incidence and prognosis of Krukenberg tumour in Northern Ireland.

The case notes of 15 patients with Krukenberg tumours were studied to determine the incidence, presentation, clinical findings and prognosis of the disease in Northern Ireland. Patients tended to be young and premenopausal. A short history of abdominal pain was the most frequent presenting complaint, abdominal swelling being second. Menstrual irregularities occurred infrequently and no patient was virilized. Tumours tended to be large, bilateral and associated with ascites. The stomach was the commonest primary site. The overall prognosis was poor, especially if the primary tumour remained covert at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis was unaffected by subsequent discovery of the primary source; extensive investigation is inconvenient for the patient and wasteful of resources. The incidence of the tumour in Northern Ireland was 0.16 per 100,000 per annum: it will be rarely encountered by general surgeons.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An evaluation of radionuclide bone scanning and liver ultrasonography for staging breast cancer.

The use of nuclear bone scanning and liver ultrasonography to stage breast cancer is an established practice in many hospitals. A 3 year prospective study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of these two investigations. Three hundred and fifty-eight patients were analysed: 133 had stage I disease, 188 were stage II and 37 were stage III. Bone scans were performed on 339 (94.7%) patients; 302 had stage I or stage II disease; and 37 were stage III. Bone scans were positive for metastases in only 0.9% of stage I and II patients but were positive in 16.2% of patients with stage III disease. None of the 309 (96.2%) stage I or stage II patients who had an ultrasound scan had any liver metastases detected whereas positive scans were obtained in 5.4% of stage III patients. It can be concluded that the incidence of demonstrable bone or liver metastases in stage I and stage II breast cancer patients is so low that the use of routine scanning can be abandoned.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Chronic neuropsychological and neurological impairment following acute exposure to a solvent mixture of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).

A 38 year-old laborer experienced solvent intoxication during each of two spray paintings of a dump truck and other heavy equipment in an enclosed, unventilated garage. The paint base consisted primarily of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone. Nausea, headaches, dizziness, respiratory difficulty and other symptoms began after exposures. Over the next several days he developed impaired concentration, memory loss and cerebellar signs including an intention tremor, gait ataxia and dysarthria. MRI of the brain and EGG early in the work-up were normal, although later MRIs demonstrated fluid collection over the left parietal area. Examination by a toxicologist and neurologist revealed likely toxic encephalopathy with dementia and cerebellar ataxia. Three formal neuropsychological assessments over 2 1/2 years quantified cognitive, motor and behavioral changes. Despite similar findings in chronic exposure to these solvents, lasting sequelae following acute exposure have not been widely reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Internal fixation vs. conventional therapy in midface fractures.

The purpose of this review is to evaluate internal fixation by means of AO miniplates compared to conventional therapy for the treatment of complicated midface fractures. A more precise division of midface fractures into functional units than that afforded by the Le Fort classification was employed to categorize the complexity of injury. The criteria of evaluation were ease of functional rehabilitation, incidence of complications, and results of surgery. The classification system was helpful in surgical planning and in subsequent analysis of results. Forty-nine of the 92 midface fractures treated by open repair between July 1980 and January 1986 were malar fractures, and 41 of these had associated orbital fractures. The remaining 43 had Le Fort II or more complicated midface fractures, only 15 of which could be adequately categorized by the Le Fort classification. Twenty-two of the 43 patients with complicated midface fractures were surgically treated with internal fixation utilizing 67 AO miniplates. The remaining 21 patients were treated with conventional therapy utilizing a combination of intermaxillary fixation (IMF), and/or interosseous wiring, and/or primary bone grafting. Among the problems encountered were a nonunion of the midface in a delayed repair of a severely comminuted midface fracture, which required secondary split rib grafting. Three plates were removed because of intraoral extrusion. There were no plate-related infections. One of the advantages of internal fixation is that the need for primary bone grafting and external fixation is eliminated. Another is that intermaxillary fixation is needed less frequently, allowing immediate access to the oral cavity for control of airway, care of intraoral wounds, and rapid return to normal alimentation with full mandibular function. Most patients with no associated GI problems tolerated a soft diet within 6 days. Tracheostomy tubes were removed within 3 days if no pulmonary failure was present. We can conclude that internal fixation provides excellent stabilization and repair of complicated midface injuries with minimal complications and rapid return to function for most patients.

Bone Plates↗