Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Gasparini

Publications and source records attributed to R Gasparini.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effects of food and dose on the oral systemic availability of itraconazole in healthy subjects.

We have studied the influence of food and dose (50, 100, 200 mg) on the oral systemic availability of the broad spectrum antifungal itraconazole and the pharmacokinetics after repeated dosing of 100 mg in six healthy volunteers. The relative systemic availability of itraconazole capsules compared with solution averaged 39.8% in the fasting state but 102% in the post-prandial state. Food did not significantly affect the tmax of the capsules. Itraconazole AUC at single doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg had a ratio of 0.3:1:2.7, and the steady-state AUC (0-24) after 15 days of 100 mg was five times the single-dose AUC. These findings suggest non-linear itraconazole pharmacokinetics in the range of therapeutically used doses. Furthermore, capsules should be given shortly after a meal to ensure optimal oral systemic availability.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of alfentanil during and after a fixed rate infusion.

Twenty-nine patients (age range 14-81 yr) undergoing orthopaedic surgery received alfentanil 100 micrograms kg-1 given as two i.v. boluses followed by a fixed rate infusion of 1 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 44-445 min. Additional 1-mg bolus doses of alfentanil were administered as required. Plasma samples were assayed for alfentanil using radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by a model-independent approach and by curve-fitting. Regression analysis showed no statistical relationship between T 1/2 beta, Cl or Vd and the duration of the infusion, total dose or body weight. We found no significant correlation between age and T 1/2 beta of alfentanil for patients younger than 40 yr. For patients older than 40 yr, T 1/2 beta increased linearly with age. There was no significant decrease in Cl with age, although the lower values for Cl (100-200 ml min-1) were generally found in subjects older than 60 yr. The present study demonstrated that a 100-micrograms kg-1 loading dose and a 1-micrograms kg-1 min-1 infusion may be appropriate for analgesia in general surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics of droperidol in surgical patients under different conditions of anaesthesia.

The pharmacokinetics of droperidol were studied in 42 surgical patients using doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg i.v., in association with neuroleptanalgesia or volatile anaesthetics. Plasma concentrations of droperidol were measured by radioimmunoassay. During neuroleptanalgesia, droperidol kinetics were linear over the dose range tested: the overall mean elimination half-life was 127 min, Vdss 103 litre and the plasma clearance 732 ml min-1. The kinetics of droperidol were similar under neuroleptanalgesia and under anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane. There was no significant correlation between the volume of distribution or clearance with age (14-65 yr) or body weight (48-90 kg).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Case-control study on the association of neurological syndromes and compulsory vaccinations in Liguria during the period January 1980-February 1983].

A case-control study was performed from January '80 to February '83 in a group of children aged 3 months to 4 years. The aim of this study was to check possible relationships between immunization with anti-diphtheria-tetanus or anti-poliomyelitis vaccine and serious neurological complications. Twenty-nine cases of neurological illness were investigated among children hospitalized in G, Gaslini Institute (Pediatric Hospital) of Genoa. The diagnosis of admission was "coma" or "generalized convulsions". Two matched controls were chosen among children hospitalized in the same Institute with diagnosis different from coma or convulsions. The controls were chosen on the basis of their age (+/- 6 months), date of hospitalization (+/- 1 months) and sex. Furthermore 58 additional controls, represented by non-hospitalized children living in the same area, were selected on the basis of age and sex. The statistical analysis did not show any relationships between immunization with anti-diphtheria-tetanus or anti-poliomyelitis vaccine and severe neurological illness.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative evaluation of anti-HBs in sera--II.

We have investigated about the most correct way to express the anti-HBs titration in serum. The following linear regression has been elaborated on the basis of the results (converted into logarithms) obtained by 33 titrations of the International Reference Standard (the dilutions prepared were the following: 150, 100, 75, 37.5, 18.75, 9.375 mUI/ml) by as many kit lots AUSAB EIA (Abbott): y = 0.8590732x - 1.6936435. The correlation between the couples: optical density log. mUI/ml has been highly significative (r = 0.991091; P less than 0.01). In order to limit the variability effects in the same laboratory, the use of the correction factor "F" is suggested. The variation of the optical density corrected by the "F" variation is illustrated. A linear regression on the Author's data has been elaborated by the inverse application of the Hollinger formula. The adaptability of this linear regression has been tested on 196 dilutions out of the 33 standard tests studied. The average values obtained, the 95% confidence limits and the mean values +/- 2s limits are compared with the same values obtained by applying the Hollinger original formula.

Hepatitis B Antibodies↗
PubMed1984

Passive-active immunoprophylaxis in newborns to HBsAg carrier mothers liguria--I.

Thirty neonates to HBsAg carrier mothers, two of whom were HBeAg positive, received passive-active immunoprophylaxis. Within 48 hours after birth and at the first month of life these newborns were given HBIG (0.5 ml/Kg) and at the third month of life they were given first vaccination (10 micrograms). "HB-Vax" (M.S.D.) has been employed and its schedule has been performed (2 degrees and 3 degrees injections respectively at 4th and 9th month of life). Blood specimens have been collected in infants at birth and at each HBIG and vaccine administration, two months after the 2nd vaccination, one and six months after the third one. All specimens have been tested for HBV markers: HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HBe and anti-HBc IgM. The anti-HBs titration has been performed according to WHO International Reference anti-HBs Standard. ALT and AST levels were determined in all infants specimens. The newborns did not show clinical signs or lab tests expressing HBV infection during the follow-up period. The anti-HBs geometric mean titres have been the following: 125 mIU/ml at 1 month, 176.4 mIU/ml at 3 months, 64.4 mIU/ml at 4 months, 119 mIU/ml at 6 months, 321 mIU/ml at 9 months, 2580.8 mIU/ml at 10 months and 715.3 mIU/ml at 15 months of life. Finally, side effects were observed for no infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Diet and antibody response to vaccinations in healthy infants.

Antibody responses to poliovirus, diphtheria, pertussis, or tetanus vaccine were compared in five groups of infants. The 62 infants had been brought up on breast milk or on one of four types of artificial feed in the first five months of life. The types of artificial feed varied in quality and quantity of protein; they were high or low protein cow's milk, an adapted formula (with a casein/albumin ratio of 40/60), and a formula based on soy flour. After the age of 5 months, all infants were put on the same diet. The general pattern of antibody responses as determined by antibody levels when the infants were 5 and 8 months old was that those fed on breast milk or high-protein cow's milk had adequate and sustained antibody responses; those fed on the adapted formula had a high but temporary response; and those fed on low-protein cow's milk or the soy-based formula had poor responses.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1980

[Prevalence of tetanus toxin antibodies in the population of Genoa in relation to age and sex].

Antitetanus toxin antibodies were measured, by means of the passive haemagglutination in the sera of 739 Genoese subjects, distributed in the following age classes: 1-5, 6-12, 13-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70 and greater than or equal to 71 years. It has been possible to verify that subjects of both sexes, aged less than 12 years, have high titer antibodies, particularly the female subjects show, in comparison with their male contemporaries, higher amounts of antitoxin. Besides the latter resulted at consolidated protection levels in 48% of the males, between 13 and 30 years, while for the male subjects, aged between 31 and 60 years this percentage dropped to 22 and, lastly, to 4 for those aged beyond 61 years. Furthermore for females older than 31 years, it was impossible, except exceptionally, to detect the presence of antibodies at titers greater than or equal to 0.1 I.U./ml.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Status of tetanus immunity at the age of 10 years as a function of the introduction of compulsory vaccination: study of a sample of schoolchildren in Genoa].

Immunity to tetanus of 231 girls from Genoa, attending the last class of elementary school (average age 10) have been studied. According to the vaccination tables of the Public Health Service, these girls received a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 9 inoculations of vaccine (Diphtheria-Tetanus toxoid). The antitoxic antibodies have been titrated by passive-haemoagglutination method using antigen-coated lyophilized avian red cells. All subjects observed had high titer antitoxic antibodies. Comparing the antibodies titer with the time elapsed after the last vaccination, the result was that the average titer lowers progressively; the reduction becomes statistically significant after three years. All the 145 girls, who had 4 or 5 doses according to a regular calendar, had an antibody titer equal or major than 0.4 I.U./ml, after 5 years from the last dose.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[Kinetics of tetanus antitoxin after administration of specific immunoglobulins].

The antitoxin titer, at different time intervals from the administration of 250 I.U. of specific immunoglobulins, was determined by means of passive hemagglutination in the serum of 28 non-immune subjects, selected among the wounded hospitalized at a First Aid Station. The maximum titer of circulating antitoxin was reached in the majority of the cases, already after 6 hours. Twenty-four hours after the inoculation, 62.5% of the treated subjects showed antibodies with a titer equal to, or higher than, 0.01 I.U./ml. Nine of the subjects, who showed antibodies, were monitored for 30 days. The level of tetanus antitoxin was not appreciably modified within the first 10 days. Between 11 and 20 days the titer, even though reduced on the average, remained above the minimum protective level of 0.01 I.U./ml, while after 21-30 days, this titer dropped under this value in three out of 6 subjects.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

[Efficacy of influenza vaccination: results in a community controlled for 2 years].

The effectiveness of influenza vaccination has been studied in an old age colony during the winters 1977-78 and 1978-79. The subjects, vaccinated and non-vaccinated, were submitted to continuous clinical and virological controls for about 6 months during the cold season. Three blood samples were obtained from the vaccinated subjects: 2 in November (before and after vaccination) and 1 in May of the following year. From the non-vaccinated 2 blood samples were obtained in November and May, respectively. The hemagglutino-inhibition test (HAI) permitted studying the serological response after vaccination, and verifying changes of the antibody titer to be related to influenza virus infections, contracted during the winter, which had escaped the clinico-virological detection. The serological response to the bivalent vaccine employed in November 1977 (A/Victoria/3/75 - 600 I.U.; B/Hong Kong/8/73 - 300 I.U.) was good for type A virus, and fair for B type. The low circulation of influenza virus, both among the 61 non-vaccinated and the 126 vaccinated subjects, during the following winter 1977-78 did not allow to arrive at any information on the vaccine protective efficacy. In autumn 1978 a trivalent vaccine had been employed, containing 300 I.U. of A/Texas/1/77, A/USSR/90/77, B/Hong Kong/8/73 viruses, respectively. During the following winter 1978-79, cases of infection, caused by type B/Hong Kong/5/72 - like influenza viruses were detected. The morbidity turned out significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the vaccinated subjects (4 out of 140 cases) versus the non-vaccinated (7 out of 56 cases). The protection index supplied by the vaccine on such occasion was 77%.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Use of staphylococcal protein A for the detection of rubella virus IgM antibodies].

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus protein A to bind human serum immunoglobulin of different classes and the conditions which allow a selective reduction of IgG in comparison to other immunoglobulin classes were preliminarly studied. Working under standardized conditions, a recovery of 3.5% of the initial value for IgG, of 40-50% for IgM and of 70-75% for IgA was obtained. Rubella HI antibodies, before and after staphylococcus treatment, were titred in 88 sera collected from adult women at different times from hexantema and in 210 sera of 109 subjects exposed to eventual contamination. The results were compared with the ones obtained by means of sucrose density gradient centrifugation followed by titration of rubella HI antibodies in the fractions. The tests proved that HI antibodies titration, before and after serum treatment with staphylococcal protein A, can be used, as presumptive test, for the research of rubella specific IgM antibodies. In fact, all the sera, on which the presence of rubella IgM antibodies was proved by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, were also positive after staphylococcus treatment. In 15% of sera resulting positive for HI rubella antibodies after staphylococcus treatment, usually at low titer, the presence of specific IgM antibodies was not detected by serum fractionation on sucrose density gradient ("false positive" cases). The results of serological diagnosis, carried out by using treatment with staphylococcal protein A and serum fractionation on sucrose density gradient, matched the clinical-epidemiological data. Twenty-seven women, out of 28 examined during the first three months of pregnancy and for whom serological diagnosis of a "recent" rubella virus infection was negative, had normal children at normal time. Therefore only in one case a spontaneous abortion occurred for uncertain causes. Rubella virus was isolated from the embryo of a woman who interrupted pregnancy because asymptomatic rubella virus infection was serologically diagnosed in the second month.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Immunization against human and swine-like influenza A: serological response to two inactivated vaccines of different formulation.

The immunizing capacity and the tolerability of two purified vaccines containing the inactivated A/New Jersey/76 ( x 53 recombinant) swine-like strain were studied. A trivalent vaccine (A/New Jersey/76-300 I.U.; A/Victoria 3/75-300 I.U.; B/Hong Kong 5/75-300 I.U.) was administered to 31 subjects over 50 years of age. No side-effects were observed and it caused a good HI antibody response to A/New Jersey/76, fairly good for B strain and modest for A/Victoria 3/75. A monovalent vaccine (A/New Jersey/76-400 I.U.) was administered to 32 subjects in the age range from 16 to 43 years. HI antibodies occurred in 84% of the subjects, devoid of antibodies before vaccination. Younger subjects (between 16-20 years) generally developed fairly low antibody titres; one among them (16-year-old) had a temperature rise within 48 h after vaccination. The Authors expect that the X 53 recombinant with the surface antigens of the A/New Jersey/76 strain may be employed for the preparation of the inactivated vaccine to be used in an emergency situation and discuss the composition of the vaccine more adapt for the present epidemiological situation.

Adolescent↗