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Biomedical subjects

R Garnier

Publications and source records attributed to R Garnier.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Poisoning with Veratrum-containing sneezing powders.

1 Nine cases of accidental poisoning of children with sneezing powder are reported. Symptoms, besides sneezing, included gastrointestinal disturbances and syncope, whilst examination demonstrated bradycardia and hypotension. 2 The powder, as supplied, carried no information on its constituents but Veratrum alkaloids were identified on analysis. The signs and symptoms observed were compatible with poisoning from these compounds. 3 As a result of these observations, it was possible to trace the manufacturers and a change was made to a safer formulation. This example emphasises the value of toxic vigilance by Poison Control Centres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[In vitro activity of combinations of cefotaxime and moxalactam with aminoglycosides on beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae].

The in vitro synergistic activities of cefotaxime (Ctx) or moxalactam (Mox) in combination with gentamicin, amikacin, dibekacin or netilmicin were compared against 15 beta-lactamases non-producing or producing isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. The strains were classified according to their resistance to ampicillin (Am), carbenicillin (Cb) and cephalotin (Ce), but all were sensitive to the antibiotics tested in combination. In vitro checkerboard studies were performed using a microtiter technique for the selected strains. The FIC index was less than or equal to 0.62 for AmR CbR CeR strains (E. coli, E. cloacae, Serratia), for AmR CbS CeR strains (E. cloacae, Serratia, P. vulgaris) and for AmS CbS CeR strains (Serratia, P. morganii). These combinations were frequently additive (FIC = 0.75 - 1.0) against the AmS CbS CeS or AmR CbR CeS strains. Thus, the synergistic activities of Ctx and Mox in combination with an aminoglycoside seem to be correlated with beta-lactamase type produced by the Enterobacteriaceae.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

[Critical approach to technics for the disinfection of respirators with formaldehyde].

Method of artificial respirators desinfection by Formaldehyde is studied. Formaldehyde and ammoniac quantitative analysis are performed. Air samples are taken by dry process and by wet process. Two concentrations are in ceiling values for exposure of workers and exceed irritant concentrations during chronic exposition. Particular attention should be paid to perform measurement: air samples must be taken by wet process as artificial ventilation circumstances: indeed in this case air is humidified; potential toxicity is unappreciated in this use. Complementary studies are required.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1983

[Prognostic factors in acute paraquat poisoning. A retrospective study of cases registered by the Poison Control Center of Paris in 1981].

Twenty years after the publication of the first cases, the intoxication with the herbicide Paraquat still has a low prognosis because of no efficient treatment. But many studies have allowed the definition of prognostic factors. Nearly, BISMUTH and als(2) demonstrated that the following criteria are significant: the oral route, the gastric lesions, the organic renal failure, the plasma-Paraquat concentration. Through a series of cases collected in 1981 at the Poison Control Center of Paris, the following prognostic factors have been studied: route of administration, sex of patient, circumstances of the poisoning, ingested volume, concentration of the solution, existence of an emetic in the commercial solution, gastric content, lesions of the upper digestive tract (mouth, oesophagus, stomach), renal impairment, hepatic failure, blood gasometry, lung function tests, plasma and urine paraquat concentrations. Forty-one cases were collected during this period, with thirty-four concerning acute Paraquat poisonings in humans. We studied twenty-seven of them caused by acute oral poisoning, with accidental circumstances in nine cases (two died) and intentional circumstances in eighteen cases (all died) (other cases concerned two ocular projections, four inhalations and one skin projection). The interest of this new investigation is the particularity of our series. Because of our recruitment (larger geographic distribution of patients, larger diversity of circumstances, of routes of administration, of ingested quantities, of treatments...). This series of cases is quite different from others previously published. This study confirms the validity of prognostic factors defined by BISMUTH and als(2). The factors, which look significant, strictly depend on the ingested quantity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Acute paracetamol poisoning. A retrospective study of data from the Paris Antipoison Center. 1974-1981 (author's transl)].

Seventy-five cases of acute poisoning with effervescent tablets of paracetamol have been recorded. No patients developed hepatitis. Ingested doses were low, and resulted only in minor manifestations. As each package contains only 6.6 g of paracetamol and effervescent tablets cannot be ingested in large quantities, the risk of serious overdosage is low.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1982

Prognosis and treatment of paraquat poisoning: a review of 28 cases.

Paraquat poisoning is very severe. When it is ingested, this herbicide may be responsible for causative lesions of the digestive tract, cytolytic hepatitis, renal tubular necrosis, circulatory failure, and/or pulmonary fibrosis. Since a very low dose (as little as one mouthful) is potentially lethal, it is important to understand why 11 of our 28 patients who entered our department for paraquat poisoning survived. The main prognostic factors appear to be the following: Route of administration. Of four patients who had inhaled paraquat aerosols and/or contaminated their skin with the herbicide, all survived. Ingested amount. Above 50 mg/kg, patients died of circulatory failure within 72 h; between 35 and 50 mg/kg, a progressive pulmonary fibrosis occurred. Delay between ingestion and the last meal. Paraquat is adsorbed and neutralized by foodstuffs. Caustic gastric lesions revealed by early endoscopic examination. The occurrence of an organic renal failure. The plasma paraquat concentrations within the first 24 h. Patients whose plasma concentrations do not exceed 2.0, 0.6, 0.3, 0.16, and 0.1 mg/L at 4, 6, 10, 16, and 24 h, respectively, are likely to survive. The different treatments that have been tested (fuller's earth, forced diarrhea, furosemide, hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, artificial ventilation with hypoxic breathing mixtures) did not modify the initial prognosis. The 11 survivals are only linked to the circumstances of the poisonings (route of administration, ingested amount, delay between ingestion and the last meal, etc.). The treatments did not modify the outcome.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1982

Acute thioproline poisoning.

Thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (A.T.C.) has been marketed in France since 1964 for the treatment of hepatic and biliary disorders. [Hepalidine (Riker Lab.): Packs of 20 tablets, each containing 100 mg. Thiobiline (Riker Lab.): Packs of 20 vials, each containing 100 mg.] As early as 1970, both the Paris and Marseilles Poison Control Centres had emphasized the toxicity of this drug which induces convulsions in children subject of overdosage [1]. Brugarolas and Gosalvez have recently suggested the use of A.T.C. in the treatment of epidermoid carcinoma. They believe that the drug causes reverse transformation of tumor cells to normal ones [2]. If its efficiency is confirmed, A.T.C. should soon be very widely used and therefore its therapeutic risk needs to be clarified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Subcutaneous injection of metallic mercury. Report of 4 cases].

4 cases of subcutaneous injection of metallic mercury are reported and compared with those recorded by others. Subcutaneous injection always causes local inflammatory reaction and granuloma formation. Systematic mercury absorption is the rule as it is proved by high mercury levels in blood and urine. Nevertheless this absorption is usually too small to be responsible for toxic manifestations. Surgical excision of all accessible contaminated subcutaneous areas should be performed. When residual mercury is roentgenographically detectable regular monitoring of CNS, renal function and urinary and/or blood mercury levels are necessary.

Accidents↗