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Biomedical subjects

R Gallily

Publications and source records attributed to R Gallily.

117 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Monocyte function in familial Mediterranean fever.

Monocytes derived from the peripheral blood of patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) demonstrated a consistently lower phagocytic capacity (38-44%) for 125I-labelled Shigella flexneri when compared to monocytes from healthy subjects. Phagocytosis of both viable and killed Staphylococcus albus was similar in patients and controls. However, FMF monocytes had a two- to eight-fold depressed bactericidal capacity against S. albus in comparison to normal monocytes. Acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase monocyte activities were similar in patients and controls. It is suggested that the defects in monocyte function may be of importance in the pathogenesis of FMF. Colchicine had no effect on any of the indices studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leukocyte chemotaxis in recurrent polyserositis (familial Mediterranean fever).

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis was investigated in 35 patients with recurrent polyserositis during attacks and during spontaneous or colchicine-induced remissions. Chemotaxis was found to be unchanged in the attack-free period in untreated patients, increased by about 50% during attacks, and decreased by about 50% during colchicine treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymyxin B reduces total parenteral nutrition-associated hepatic steatosis by its antibacterial activity and by blocking deleterious effects of lipopolysaccharide.

Overgrowth of Gram-negative bacteria as a result of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and bowel rest could be responsible for the release of a variety of hepatotoxic substances such as endotoxin or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the ensuing TPN-associated liver function derangements. Polymyxin B is an effective antimicrobial agent as well as a blocking agent for endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) activity and TNF production. In the present study we compared the oral and intravenous effects of polymyxin in rats receiving TPN in an attempt to define these two possible mechanisms of action of polymyxin on TPN-associated hepatic steatosis. Both oral, as well as intravenous polymyxin B, significantly reduced total hepatic fat and triglyceride accumulation in TPN rats, more so in the intravenous group exhibiting close to control levels. Both polymyxin-treated groups exhibited significantly lower Gram-negative bacterial counts in the cecum, with the oral group exhibiting a lower count than the IV group. The spontaneous production of TNF by peritoneal macrophages was markedly increased in rats receiving TPN and very close to being undetected in both groups receiving TPN and polymyxin. We believe polymyxin B protects the liver during TPN by both its antimicrobial effect which prevents overgrowth of gut Gram-negative bacteria and the subsequent translocation of endotoxin, and by its specific antilipopolysaccharide activity which, in the present study, completely abolished hepatic steatosis and TNF production during TPN.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cytology of the human peritoneal fluid.

A series of 19 human peritoneal fluids obtained by aspiration at laparoscopy and cul-de-sac punctures were analysed for their cellular content. Four types of cells were differentiated: macrophages, mesothelial cells, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The macrophages and mesothelial cells represented the two major types of cells, each group constituiting about 36 per cent of the population, while the lymphocytes and polymorphonuclears represented 18 and 7 per cent of the population, respectively. Macrophages were identified by their capacity to engulf alcohol-killed Staphylococcus albus. It appears that by this method of macrophage identification, a more accurate representation of the cellular content of peritoneal fluid can be obtained.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cytology of the retained IUD with relation to the mechanism of action.

Cellular reactions to 82 IUDs retained for different periods of time have been examined using the "loopal smear" method. The smears were divided according to periods of retention and degree of inflammatory reaction. In 47 cases the inflammatory reaction was graded as moderate to severe, while in 35 cases the reaction was graded as mild. Since contraception was effective also in those cases presenting with mild reactions, it must be concluded that factors other than inflammation play a role in the contraceptive mechanism. Cells obtained from 15 IUD washings were incubated with Staphylococcus albus in order to identify macrophages. In none of these cases were macrophages identified, thus rendering questionable the hypothesis that the contraceptive effect of the IUD is based on phagocytosis of spermatozoa.

Endometrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Killing of virus-induced thymic lymphoma cells obtained from primary and early transfers by activated macrophages.

Primary radiation leukemia virus-induced thymic lymphomas were susceptible to both stasis and lysis mediated by LPS-activated macrophages. During short in vitro cultivation the X-irradiation-induced lymphoma (PIR-2) cells were killed to the same extent (up to 99%) by LPS-activated macrophages as the RadLV lymphoma cells at effector:target ratios of 10:1 and 1:1. Since RadLV is not present in PIR-2 lymphoma cells, its presence is not required for susceptibility of the lymphoma cells to macrophage-mediated killing. Our data also disprove the assumption that artifacts of long-term cultivation in vitro are responsible for tumor susceptibility to cytostasis and cytolysis mediated by activated macrophages.

Animals↗