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Biomedical subjects

R Gallagher

Publications and source records attributed to R Gallagher.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Elevated titer of antibodies to Simian sarcoma virus envelope antigen (gp70) and normal response to influenza virus in untreated Danish Hodgkin's patients.

Untreated Danish Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients and paired age- and sex-matched controls were tested for serum antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), six strains of influenza virus and Simian sarcoma virus/Simian sarcoma-associated virus [SSV(SSAV)] antigens. HD sera showed significantly elevated titers against EBV and both increased incidence and mean titer of antibodies to the envelope glycoprotein of SSV(SSAV), whereas testing against the influenza viruses revealed no differences between HD and controls. A focus reduction assay demonstrated a low incidence in HD and controls of sera with neutralizing effects against SSV(SSAV) and the "baboon" C-type virus component of the human HL-23 virus complex, which seemed coupled to HL-A type W19.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Characterization of the continuous, differentiating myeloid cell line (HL-60) from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

In a prelminary communication, we described the establishment of a continuous human myeloid cell line (HL-60). Here we report the detailed properties of this cell line and document its derivation from the peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. As characterized by light and electron microscopy, the predominant cell type in both the fresh and cultured sources is a neutrophilic promyelocyte with prominent nuclear/cytoplasmic asynchrony. Up to 10% of the cultured cells spontaneously differentiate beyond the promyelocyte stage, and the proportion of terminally differentiated cells is markedly enhanced by compounds known to stimulate differentiation of mouse (Friend) erythroleukemia cells. The HL-60 cells lack specific markers for lymphoid cells, but express surface receptors for Fc fragment and complement (C3), which have been associated with differentiated granulocytes. They exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to a chemotactic stimulus commensurate with the proportion of mature cells. As characteristic of transformed cells, the HL-60 cells form colonies in semisolid medium and produce subcutaneous myeloid tumors (chloromas) in nude mice. A source of colony-stimulating activity stimulated the cloning efficiency in soft agar 5--30-fold. Despite adaptations to culture, the morphological phenotype and responsiveness to chemical induction of differentiation is essentially unchanged through at least 85 passages. Cytogenetic studies reveal aneuploidy. Metaphases with 44 chromosomes predominated in vivo and in early culture passages; however, clones with 45 or 46 chromosomes became predominant with continued passaging. The most consistent karyotypic abnormalities were the deletion of chromosomes 5, 8, and X and the addition of a marker resembling a D-group acrocentric and of a submetacentric marker, most likely an abnormal E-group chromosome. No DNA herpesvirus or RNA retrovirus was isolated in the fresh or cultured cells. The HL-60 cultured cell line provides a continuous source of human cells for studying the molecular events of myeloid differentiation and the effects of physiologic, pharmacologic, and virologic elements on this process.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Toward a comprehensive methodology for resident evaluation.

The development of a useful system of medical resident evaluation over a two year period demonstrated that traditional measures used successfully in undergraduate medical education were less appropriate and acceptable than more complex measures designed to assess actual clinical performance. The greater cost, time involvement and personnel required by the more complex measures were shown to be partially offset by the greater utility and acceptability of the evaluative data provides. The feasibility of using skilled, non-medically trained personnel to minimize faculty-physician time was demonstrated.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1967

Fluorimetric determination of D-amino acid oxidase.

1. A sensitive fluorimetric procedure for the assay of d-amino acid oxidase has been developed. 2. The method depends on the formation of a fluorescent derivative, 2-hydroxy-3-methylquinoxaline, on condensation of pyruvate with o-phenylenediamine in acid medium. 3. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylquinoxaline fluoresces strongly in 50% (v/v) sulphuric acid after excitation at 375mmu. A single emission peak is observed at 480mmu. 4. Formation of the quinoxaline is dependent on time, temperature, acidity and relative concentration of reactants. 5. A particulate preparation from mouse kidney required FAD for optimum activity at pH8.5; K(m) was 3.8x10(-3)m; K(FAD) was 1.4x10(-7)m and the reaction was strongly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and phenylmercuric acetate. 6. Subcellular fractionation on a sucrose density gradient confirmed that the d-amino acid oxidase was localized on small granules.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arytenoid subluxation.

BACKGROUND: Disruption of the cricoarytenoid joint is uncommon and possibly underdiagnosed. AIM: To highlight the diagnosis of arytenoid subluxation and its management. METHOD: Two case reports. CONCLUSION: Arytenoid subluxation is a rare condition that should always be considered in patients presenting with symptoms following upper airway instrumentation or external trauma to the neck. Early diagnosis optimises the possibility of restoring normal voice and laryngeal function.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infection control: public health, clinical effectiveness and education.

In this article the author discusses three main issues in infection control: the development of clinical effectiveness, education and public health. Present day infection control practice is based on principles put forward by Florence Nightingale over 100 years ago. Despite medical advances, hospital-acquired infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Further research is required to assess how effective present day infection control activities and policies are in reducing the spread of infection. The success of implementing evidence-based practice relies on multidisciplinary, user-friendly educational initiatives. It is imperative that community practitioners are involved in the promotion of infection control. Greater public awareness of infectious agents and the importance of basic hygiene will ensure that infection control cannot remain the exclusive property of hospitals, but must extend to all areas of public health.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cold comfort.

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Cross Infection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

This is the way we wash our hands.

Infection control nurses have a professional, ethical and legal duty to promote effective infection control practices throughout their trusts. This article describes a pilot study set up to observe hand-washing and glove use at Royal United Hospital Bath and sets out its recommendations for improvements in practice.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Letter from America.

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American Nurses' Association↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nosocomial sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors for nosocomial sepsis among infants hospitalized in 23 neonatal intensive care units. METHODS: Risk factors for nosocomial sepsis among 5760 admissions are analyzed by birth weight groups, <1 kg, 1 to 1.5 kg, and >1.5 kg. A Cox hazard regression model was used to evaluate further detail in the two lower weight groups. RESULTS: Use of corticosteroids had no effect on the incidence of nosocomial sepsis in the two lower weight categories although it was significant among the >1.5 kg infants. In a simple Cox model, significant risk factors included lowest birth weight category, ventilatory support, and presence of a central venous catheter. The complex Cox model revealed that an increase in total days of presence of central arterial catheter, use of antibiotics, and ventilatory support were significant but that total days of presence of a central venous catheter was not. A model for Candida sepsis revealed as a risk factor an increase in total days of use of antibiotics before infection. CONCLUSIONS: The risk for infection associated with presence of a central venous catheter is the same for each day of exposure (i.e., the same risk on day 5 of presence of the line as on day 30), but the risk associated with ventilatory support increases over time. Candida sepsis is associated with prolonged antibiotic use before the first episode of nosocomial sepsis and not with birth weight group.

Candidiasis↗