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Biomedical subjects

R G Turner

Publications and source records attributed to R G Turner.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Sex differences in WAIS item performance.

Although the WAIS IQ scores of males and females differ only negligibly, significant sex differences do exist on many WAIS subtests. The purpose of the present investigation was to identify any WAIS items within these subtests that showed reliable sex differences. Within a cross-validation methodology that employed 521 adults (264 males; 257 females), 21 items were found to show reliable sex differences. A reanalysis by age groups provided similar results. The nature of the items was discussed, and an index of stereotyped sex-role experiences was proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of self-report and performance measures of attention.

The attentional scales of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style were correlated with performance measures of attention, the Digit Span and Block Design subtests of the WAIS. Of the 24 correlations computed only one was statistically significant. The need for the construct validity of these scales to be established against some behavioral measure of attentional focus was emphasized.

Attention↗
PubMed1976

Tuning of single fibers in the cochlear nerve of the alligator lizard: relation to receptor morphology.

(1) The general anatomy of the peripheral portion of the cochlear nerve in the alligator lizard is described. (2) Spike discharges of single units were recorded with micropipets placed in the peripheral portion of the cochlear nerve of anesthetized lizards. (3) In response to tone bursts, each unit is maximally sensitive to a charactertistic frequency (CF). There are two distinct populations of units having different CFs: a low CF population (CF in the range 0.2-0.8 kHz) recorded in the portion of the nerve that enters the apical region of the basilar papilla and a high CF population (CF in the range 0.9-4.0 kHz) recorded in the portion of the nerve that enters the basal region. The low CF units are more sharply tuned than the high CF units. (4) Comparison of cochlear nerve units of the alligator lizard with those of mammals shows that the tuning of low CF units resembles that of mammalian units of the same CF. The tuning of high CF lizard units differs significantly from mammalian units. (5) The distinct differences in tuning of low and high CF units are correlated with distinct differences in the structure of the basilar papilla in the apical and basal regions rather than with differences in the width of the basilar membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Personality correlates of WAIS performance.

The relationships between two of Cattell's second-stratum factors, Cortertia and Temperamental Independence, and WAIS scores were investigated for 122 men and 127 women. For men, both Cortertia and Temperamental Independence were related significantly to WAIS scores. For women, Temperamental Independence, but not Cortertia, correlated significantly with WAIS scores. The variability in the degree of relationship between the individual subtests and the personality factors was noted, and the cross-lagged panel correlation methodology was suggested as a possible approach to investigate the causal connections between personality factors and abilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder in which ocular involvement occurs in about one-quarter and neurosarcoidosis in 7 per cent of patients. When the retina is involved, the reported incidence of central nervous system sarcoidosis is 37 per cent. The patient described had a transient papular eruption of the legs, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, polyarthralgia with knee effusions, and bilateral facial and peripheral neuropathy. Ocular involvement was characterized by anterior uveitis (in the initial stages), vitreous flare, bilateral disc oedema, macular oedema, streak haemorrhages, peripheral periphlebitis, nerve fibre bundle defects, and candle-wax spots. Fluorescein angiography showed no fluorescence of the candle-wax spots nor of the adjacent vessels. However, there was hyperfluorescence of two retinal lesions. This patient had unilateral internal ophthalmoplegia, only three cases of which have been reported in the literature. Her health was restored by heavy, prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Her family history revealed that an uncle died of sarcoidosis complicated by cryptococcal meningitis. The literature on retinopathy in sarcoidosis is reviewed and the lesions noted in the posterior segment are listed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of clinical decision analysis to audiological tests.

This paper is the first in a series of three concerning audiological tests and test batteries designed to differentiate cochlear from retrocochlear site-of-lesion. This paper concentrates on the techniques of clinical decision analysis with particular application to audiology. Those principles of clinical decision analysis which are most relevant for the audiologist are presented. Several techniques for measuring test performance are described and evaluated. In addition, this paper considers the problem of comparing test performance to determine the superior test.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical performance of audiological and related diagnostic tests.

This paper is the second in a series of three concerning audiological tests and test batteries designed to differentiate cochlear from retrocochlear site-of-lesion. The first paper discussed the application of clinical decision analysis to diagnostic tests, particularly audiological tests. This paper uses the techniques of clinical decision analysis to evaluate the clinical performance of audiological, vestibular, and radiological tests based on data derived from the last 15 years of the clinical literature. Using calculated measures of test performance, we compared and divided the test into four groups.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Formulating and evaluating audiological test protocols.

This paper is the last in a series about audiological tests and test protocols (test batteries) designed to differentiate cochlear from retrocochlear site-of-lesion. While the first two papers dealt with individual tests, this paper is concerned with the audiological test protocol. A conceptual framework is presented for formulating a test protocol, and techniques are discussed for evaluating protocol performance. Using clinical data, we evaluate the performance of the traditional audiological test battery and make recommendations for the clinical use of audiological test protocols.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Auditing mortality from upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: impact of a high dependency unit.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective audit conducted at our district general hospital indicated that mortality from upper gastrointestinal (GI) haemorrhage was above that reported from nearby centres. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of establishing a high dependency unit (HDU) and agreed management protocol on subsequent mortality from upper GI haemorrhage at our hospital. DESIGN: Prospective audits were conducted before and after the establishment of an HDU. All acute admissions, as well as established inpatients with haematemesis and/or melaena, were examined for fitness for endoscopy, comorbidity, underlying diagnosis and the need for surgery. SUBJECT: Over a two-year period, 524 patients were studied in the two audits. Risk scores were calculated and the 30-day mortality from all causes assessed. RESULTS: There was a trend towards higher age and comorbidity during the second audit. Mortality was 9% and 10% during the first and second audits, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing proportion of patients with bleeding are elderly and have associated comorbidity. Establishment of an HDU and agreed protocol did not reduce mortality at our centre.

Age Factors↗