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Biomedical subjects

R G Smart

Publications and source records attributed to R G Smart.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Test-retest reliability and validity information for a high school drug use questionnaire.

This study reports test--retest reliability and validity information for an anonymous high school drug use questionnaire. All drug use items were highly reliable in testings on the same students eight weeks apart. Composite drug scores were also highly reliable. A nine-item lie scale gave virtually identical results on the two testings. The majority of students regardless of the frequency of their drug use stated that they would honestly report their cannabis and opium/heroin use. There was little evidence of defensiveness judging by the lie scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Characteristics of alcoholics who drink socially after treatment.

This study is concerned with the differences among groups of alcoholics who became social drinkers, abstinent, or remained nonsocial drinkers after treatment. A total of 1091 alcoholics were studied. It appears as if those who become social drinkers are those who are less serious alcoholics with more social and other supports.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

The effectiveness of post-detoxication referrals: effects on later detoxication admissions, drunkenness and criminality.

This study concerned the effectiveness of post-detoxication referrals to a variety of treatment facilities. The purpose was to discover (i) the proportion of men accepting referrals who actually arrived, (ii) the differences in outcome for patients attending an out-patient clinic, a halfway house, and a long-stay farm, (iii) the differences in outcomes for patients treated in one of the above facilities compared with those for similar patients not receiving treatment. In all, 114 male detoxication admissions were included. However, only 60% arrived, even when firm referrals were made. Those arriving and not arriving did not differ in social or demographic characteristics, nor did those who were referred to the various treatment facilities. However, the referral group had more detoxication admissions in the post-detoxication period. There were no post-treatment overall differences between all treated and untreated patients in detoxication admissions, arrests for drunkenness or criminal convictions. Refusals were more often successes than the treated or untreated groups but this was due to their better prognosis at intake. In general, the data provide little cause for optimism about the value of post-detoxication referrals.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Changes in alcoholic beverage sales after reductions in the legal drinking age.

This study reports changes in the sales of beer, wine, and spirits in 25 states which lowered legal drinking ages and adjacent states which did not. Most of the states which changed drinking ages had an increase in beer sales whereas the unchanged ones did not. The increase for beer in the changed over the not changed states was 5.7%. The differences for wine and spirits are not statistically significant. The variations in changes from one state to another are considerable. Analyses of the effects of new age laws on traffic accidents should take account of changes in sales and other preventive efforts occurring simultaneously. Whether the increases will be permanent is uncertain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of recidivism rates for alcoholic detox residents referred to hospitals, halway houses, and outpatient facilities.

Recidivism rates were studied for alcoholics referred to treatment facilities from a detoxication center. The aims were to examine (1) the proportions of clients who arrived, (2) whether similar clients were referred to different facilities, and (3) whether different facilities had different recovery rates. Only a minority improved in terms of recidivism. There were no differences for those referred to halfway houses, hospitals, and nonresidential programs. Those who arrived for treatment or completed it did not have higher improvement rates than those who did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Outcome studies of therapeutic community and halfway house treatment for addicts.

This paper reviews the outcomes of follow-up studies of addicts in therapeutic communities. The aim is to assess the research problems in such studies and the range of recovery rates found. It was found that controlled studies are few in number and available only for correctional institutions, not for Daytop, Synanon, or Phoenix House. Most studies base outcomes on "graduates" rather than all those taken into the program. Very few graduates of traditional communities exist. Most are employed in drug or social service activities. Few return to employment outside treatment agencies for addicts. Three controlled studies, all with halfway houses, suggest that they are not more effective than probation. Further controlled studies, especially with agencies such as Daytop and Synanon, are required.

Allied Health Personnel↗