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Biomedical subjects

R G Oganov

Publications and source records attributed to R G Oganov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Asthma education programme in Russia: educating patients.

To address the recent rise in asthma morbidity and mortality in Russia, an intervention study was conducted to improve asthma diagnosis, treatment and prevention. US recommendations for asthma management were adapted for use in educating Moscow families with children with asthma. Two hundred and fifty-two children with asthma aged 4-14 years receiving health care in eight Moscow public health clinics together with their parents were enrolled in the study to see whether US teaching manuals for asthma management would be acceptable and effective in Russia. Children at four of the clinics with recent asthma attacks were randomly assigned to either the education or control group to test if patient education and guided asthma care would improve outcomes for patients. Modern medications were made available to both groups to see if training in the US guidelines was necessary to get physicians to use the medications. Children with recent asthma attacks at the other four clinics were defined as comparison group 1 to control for the possible effect of medication availability. All children at the eight clinics who had no asthma attacks composed comparison group 2 to see if the outcomes for these children would change over time. One-year follow-up results showed significant improvement in asthma self-management skills of children and parents, in terms of asthma treatment, only among those in the education group. Significant increases were observed in the subgroup of children in the education group using anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma control. Children in the education group had markedly increased peak flow rates and reduced daily peak flow variability as compared to control and comparison groups. There was a significantly greater reduction in doctor visits by the education group of children compared to control. Presumably, changes in parents' and children's behaviour in terms of asthma treatment and prevention skills, proper treatment of the disease and access to medications could be responsible for reducing asthma morbidity in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Sex difference in high density lipoprotein cholesterol in six countries.

It is known that women have higher levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol than men. The authors examined the association between HDL cholesterol and biologic sex in 8,631 women and 10,690 men aged 45-54 years from six countries studied between 1972 and 1989. The variation in the sex difference for HDL cholesterol was significant; the smallest difference (0.06 mmol/liter) was seen in China and the largest (0.40 mmol/liter) in Canada. Adjustment for differences in body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and heart rate reduced but did not eliminate the variability. The sex difference in HDL cholesterol levels, usually assumed to be due to biologic factors, differs across cultures and may be related to environmental factors.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of micronized phenofibrate on the lipoproteins of the blood plasma at different initial lipid levels].

Novel antihyperlipidemic micronized phenofibrate lipantil 200 M was tested for safety and efficacy (one 200 mg capsule a day for 3 months) in 27 patients having cholesterol level above 6.5 mmol/l. The effect emerged upon 1 month of administration and persisted till the end of the treatment. In combined hyperlipidemia triglycerides decreased by 45-60%, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol by 10-12%. In isolated hyperlipidemia the latter two values appeared lower by 20-23 and 22-27%, respectively. After lipantil 200 M treatment HDL cholesterol went up by 9% in low baseline level (< 1 mmol/l) by 27%. No negative clinico-biochemical shifts were seen, while fibrinogen and uric acid reduced by 16%, apoB by 23-30%. Lipantil 200 M proved active against hyperlipidemia and is recommended for clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Analysis of polymorphism of the 5'-terminal region of apolipoprotein B gene in patients with ischemic heard disease].

Comparative analysis of polymorphism of two polymorphic regions in the 5'-end of the apolipoprotein B gene-insertion/ deletion polymorphism of a signal peptide of apo B and microsatellite (CA)n repeat-was performed in a random sample of men from the Moscow population aged 49-51 and in heart patients. No associations among the gene polymorphic regions, development of coronary heart disease, and certain changes in the lipid spectrum of plasma are revealed. This indicates that the structural organization of the 5'-region of apolipoprotein gene B (Moscow population) has no substantial role in determining the risk of coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Association of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol with mortality and other risk factors for major chronic noncommunicable diseases in samples of US and Russian men.

Previous reports from the Russian Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) study showed no association between the level of high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), while US LRC data indicated a strong negative association between HDL cholesterol and CHD mortality. This report investigated the association of HDL cholesterol and mortality in these same population samples with follow-up extended to 12 years. The association between HDL cholesterol and mortality remained inverse and significant in the US sample. In the Russian sample, high levels of HDL cholesterol were associated with higher risk of all-cause and cancer mortality, although adjustment for known risk factors reduced the strength of the association. The association between HDL cholesterol and CHD mortality was negative in the Russian sample, although the strength of the association was less than that for the US sample. Extended follow-up reduced the difference in the association between HDL cholesterol and mortality between the two countries; however, important differences remained. Further research will be required to clearly determine the cause for their differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The epidemiology of systolic and diastolic arterial hypertension in relation to risk factors and education among the male population of some cities of Russia, the CIS nations and the Baltic states (a cooperative study)].

The prevalence of systolic and diastolic arterial hypertension (AH) was studied on a material of random representative samples of male population aged 20-54 years in the cities of Moscow, Saint Petersburg [correction of Sankt-Peterburg], Tallinn, Kiev, Novosibirsk, Alma-Ata, Tashkent and Bishkek. AH was estimated in connection with risk factors (RF) from the standpoint of uni- and multidimensional statistical analysis. It has been established that RF (age, cholesterol and triglycerides concentration, overweight and alcohol use) make more significant contribution into the prevalence of diastolic AH whereas the systolic AH prevalence is largely determined only by age and education. The data obtained are likely to form the basis for the design of a more integral system of prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparative study of the activity and composition of HDL3 in Russian and American men.

Previous studies conducted within the framework of the Lipid Research Clinics Program showed a strong inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in American male populations, whereas in Russian populations such a correlation was less pronounced. It was assumed that HDL was less protective of CHD in Russian than in American males. This study compared the functional activity and lipid composition of HDL3 isolated from the blood plasma of men with low, normal, and high HDL-C levels from Moscow (Russia) and Seattle (United States) populations. Results obtained showed that American HDL3, irrespective of the plasma HDL-C level, had higher activity in stimulating both [3H]cholesterol and cholesterol mass efflux from cholesterol-loaded fibroblasts and in suppressing cellular cholesterol esterification when compared with Russian HDL3. American HDL3 remained more active than Russian HDL3, even when apolipoprotein E-containing particles were removed from HDL3 by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Russian and American 125I-HDL3 had similar binding to high-affinity cell-surface sites, but Russian HDL3 had a higher nonspecific binding component compared with American HDL3. This study demonstrates for the first time potential functional differences between HDL particles isolated from Russian and American populations. The lower activity of Russian HDL3 in promoting cellular cholesterol efflux may partly explain the higher CHD risk in the Russian population compared with the American one.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Significance of risk factors in the prevalence of ischemic heart disease in men living in different climatic-geographic areas of Russia, the CIS countries and the Baltic states (a cooperative study)].

The paper deals with the contribution of risk factors to the spread of coronary heart disease (CHD) among males living in various cities and towns of Russia, CIS countries and Baltic states. The examination of random representative samples of male populations established that risk factors, such as age, arterial hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipoproteinemia, and smoking (p < 0.05), make a significant contribution to the spread of CHD, including acute CHD. Age, arterial hypertension, and body weight (p < 0.01) also make a substantial contribution to the development of CHD. The risk factors play a greater role in the spread of CHD in Tallinn, Alma-Ata, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk than in Moscow and Ufa, but in the spread of acute CHD in Tallinn, Kaunas, Ufa, and Alma-Ata than in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The use of Enduracin--a prolonged-action form of nicotinic acid--in correcting atherogenic dyslipidemias].

The hypolipidemic effects of induracin, a new long-acting nicotinic acid dosage form based on the waxy matrix, and its tolerance were studied in 31 patients with Types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemias in a 6-month blind crossover study. There were decreases in the levels of total cholesterol by 9-13% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12-22%, an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12-15%, and a good dynamics in the ratio of blood lipid-transport proteins--a 12-16% increase to the levels of apoprotein AI to a 29% decrease in those of apoprotein B. The drug is well tolerated by patients and may be recommended for correction of atherogenic dyslipidemias.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiology and prevention of major cardiovascular diseases].

Analysis of the situation in the Russian Federation indicates that despite a small downward tendency, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of death among the population. Epidemiology studies of major CVD risk factors detected their high prevalence in several cities of the Republic despite noticeable geographic differences. The claim that prevention of CVD should be started from childhood remains still declarative and needs further large comprehensive studies. The accomplished research prevention programmes turned out to be feasible at community level and allowed one to develop organizational forms of their realization. To bring these projects into everyday life is a challenge as it involves many social problems.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[The results of a study of the interrelation of arterial pressure levels with excess body weight and the excessive consumption of table salt with food in women].

Interrelations between arterial pressure (AP) and overweight and excess consumption of table salt (TS) with food were examined in female workers of a large industrial enterprise within the framework of the All-Union cooperative program of AP control. It has been demonstrated that overweight is one of the main risk factors of AP. In hypertensive persons, overweight is recordable much more frequently whatever the age group. In normotensive workers, overweight was established in 19.2% of cases, whereas in high AP, in 39.8%. Studies into percentile distribution of body weight in the examinees with normal and high AP have shown that in hypertensive subjects, this indicator is higher than in normotensive ones in all the cut-off percentile level. No appreciable differences have been discovered in excess consumption of TS with food by normotensive and hypertensive women in any age groups or in the population on the whole.

Age Factors↗