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Biomedical subjects

R G Meyer

Publications and source records attributed to R G Meyer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cognitive outcome after cardiac operations. Relationship to intraoperative computerized electroencephalographic data.

Cardiopulmonary bypass frequently causes new postoperative neuropsychologic deficits. To assess whether these deficits could be predicted or limited, we monitored 29 patients receiving bypass intraoperatively with an on-line computerized electroencephalograph. We hypothesized that the 15 patients whose cerebral perfusion pressure was adjusted on the basis of this electroencephalographic data would have fewer postoperative deficits than the 14 patients whose pressure was monitored on the basis of systemic pressure. The results showed that new postoperative cognitive deficits in both groups were less prevalent than in previous studies, but there was not a significant difference in outcomes between the two groups. The intraoperative electroencephalographic records correlated with surgical, but not neuropsychologic, outcome. It is concluded that careful attention to intraoperative cerebral perfusion pressure may decrease the prevalence of postoperative neuropsychologic complications, but that the use of a computerized electroencephalograph does not necessarily contribute to an improved outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The reasons for living inventory and a college population: adolescent suicidal behaviors, beliefs, and coping skills.

The suicidal behavior of a college population (N = 205) was assessed. Individuals were categorized into four groups: never suicidal, brief suicidal ideation, serious suicidal ideation, and parasuicidal. They also answered questions about why they would not choose suicide, on the Reasons For Living (RFL) Inventory. Depression, hopelessness, and social desirability scales also were presented. A significant difference existed between suicidal and nonsuicidal individuals on the RFL. Hopelessness and depression were found to be correlated significantly with suicidal behavior; social desirability was found to be high among those who were not suicidal and declined as suicidal behaviors became more severe.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Adolescent suicidal behavior and popular self-report instruments of depression, social desirability, and anxiety.

Popular self-report inventories of depression, hopelessness, social desirability, and anxiety, along with the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire, were completed by 150 college students. Tanaka-Matsumi and Kameoka (1986) had questioned the use of popular depression instruments in the assessment of this population, due to the high correlation between depression, anxiety, and social desirability scales. The present experiment also found significant correlations between the self-report instruments and suicidal behaviors. These findings may be due to the fact that anxiety and depression are often found together in clinical settings, and that the content of depression and anxiety scales is not specific to those constructs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Detection of deception on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI).

Subjects from a correctional inmate (94 incarcerated males with no history of psychiatric treatment) and a forensic inpatient (144 males and 7 females) setting were divided into distorted and nondistorted groups based on "fake bad" instructions and concurrent MMPI profiles. All subjects also were administered the MCMI. Significant differences were found between groups for MCMI profile validity, weight factor scores, and total profile correction scores. MCMI profiles were consistent with expected symptomatology, test design, and previous research. Results suggest that MCMI weight factor scores may be valuable indicators of symptom distortion in otherwise valid profiles in forensic settings. Results also indicated that the diagnostic accuracy of MCMI reports may vary greatly in relation to clinical population, symptom prevalence, and diagnostic category.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The detection of faking on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI).

This study investigated the effects of a variety of faking strategies on the Weight Factor correction scores (designed to detect malingering) of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, a relatively new personality questionnaire. Subjects (both psychiatric patients [N = 95] and general medical/surgical controls [N = 90]) were asked to take the MCMI according to one of the following instructional sets: traditional faking-good; traditional faking-bad; role faking-positive; role faking-negative; role faking-neutral; and honest. The results indicated that neutral social role faking resulted in no significant differences in weight factor correction from subjects in the honest condition and that directionally role faked profiles did not differ in correction from those in the traditional "best" and "worst" conditions. Finally, only the Weight Factor corrections in the protocols from the fake bad conditions (whether in traditional "worst" or negative social role conditions) differed significantly from those in the honest conditions for both subject groups. Implications for the practicing clinician are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Behavioral treatment parameters with primary dysmenorrhea.

Fourteen women with primary dysmenorrhea were administered four sessions of systematic desensitization (SD) by either a male or a female therapist. The following measures were taken during the flow periods before and after treatment and at a 6-month follow-up: menstrual symptom checklist, medication usage, invalid hours, and menstrual attitudes. At pretreatment, menstrually distressed women had significantly higher scores on all measures compared to a normative group and an explicitly nondistressed group. At posttreatment, treated women's scores on the dependent variables were significantly reduced. All indices were reduced to a "nondistressed level" at posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Type of dysmenorrhea (congestive vs. spasmodic), trait anxiety level, and therepist sex did not predict differential responsiveness to SD. SD did not affect frontailis EMG, peripheral blood flow, or pain threshold. A Retrospective Symptom Scale of menstrual distress was found to be highly reliable, valid, and sensitive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Legal and social ambivalence regarding homosexuality.

Social controversy and legal ambivalence have been prevalent regarding homosexuality. Guardians of tradition, such as the churches, the mental health professional organizations, and the legal experts, have all moved toward decriminalization in their own fashion. Yet this thrust has been halted by a recent Supreme Court decision. The homosexual may have to retreat to the closet unless renewal occurs. Some information is available on what societal and behavioral changes will occur as the laws change. However, a more scientifically adequate information base, as well as political courage, is required before those seeking decriminalization are likely to succeed.

Attitude↗