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Biomedical subjects

R G Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to R G Hoffman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Coronary-prone behavior attitudes in moderate to severe coronary artery occlusion.

This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and coronary-prone behavior attitudes (CPBA) in a large coronary arteriography population. A group of 2451 male patients responded to a questionnaire prior to coronary arteriography. Ten questions from the questionnaire, selected to form a scale measuring CPBA, were found to be reliably associated with standard measures of Type A behavior. No differences in CPBA were found when the group was divided into mild, moderate, and severe CAO, but angina pectoris (AP) tended to increase from mild to severe CAO. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that CPBA were independently associated with AP but were not associated with CAO. These findings suggest that angina pectoris is an important intervening variable between CPBA and CAO and that the relationship of AP in a population should be carefully considered before conclusions are drawn as to the relationship between CPBA and CAO.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed1984

Psychological status in primary fibrositis and fibrositis associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

Psychological status was investigated in 46 primary fibrositis (PF) patients, 32 with fibrositis occurring in association with rheumatoid arthritis (RAFIB) and in 76 control patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Groups were similar in tests of life stresses: Family Inventory of Life Events, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, and self-motivation. Only 28% of PF and 25% of RAFIB had Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles classified as "normal" compared with 51-60% of controls. Both PF and RAFIB had elevated "neurotic" scales (hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria), but only PF patients had statistically significant elevations in the pychopathic deviancy, psychasthenia and paranoia scales. When the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales were used, PF but not RAFIB patients demonstrated statistically significant elevations on the anxiety and depression scales.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1983

The radiographic diagnosis of sacroiliitis. A comparison of different views with computed tomograms of the sacroiliac joint.

Conventional radiography is the standard method of objectively identifying sacroiliitis. Single views of the sacroiliac joints can be unequivocally interpreted in 70-80% of patients with low back pain. A series of views usually correctly resolves the ambiguity in the remaining 20-30% of patients (67% correct). Computed tomography will be helpful in the few patients in whom a series of views produces equivocal interpretation.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1983

Irradiation of para-aortic lymph node metastases from carcinoma of the cervix or endometrium. Preliminary results.

Twenty-two patients with biopsy-proved para-aortic lymph node metastases from carcinoma of the cervix (15 patients) or endometrium (7 patients) received a median dose of 5,000 rad/25 fractions. Para-aortic nodal metastases were controlled in 77% of cases. Control was significantly lower following radical retroperitoneal lymph node dissection than less extensive sampling procedures. Obstruction of the small bowel developed in 3 patients with tumor recurrence in the para-aortic region. Eight of the 10 patients who were disease-free at 2 years received greater than 5,000 rad. Three patients were still alive without disease at 129, 63, and 60 months, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 40% for cervical cancer and 60% for endometrial cancer: in the former group, it was significantly different depending on whether the para-aortic nodes were irradiated (40%) or not (0%). The authors suggest that 5,000-5,500 rad in 5-5.5 weeks is well tolerated and can control aortic nodal metastases in cervical and possibly endometrial cancer.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

The factor structure of the MacAndrew alcoholism scale.

This study attempted to replicate the factor structure of the MacAndrew alcoholism scale using a large sample of both male (n = 1563) and female (n = 293) alcoholics and employing several methodological changes not used in past studies. Male and female factor solutions were found to be highly similar. Following adjustments for mean item differences between males and females, the overall factor structure was examined and six factors were found which were similar to past studies. However, the factors accounted for only a small portion of the MacAndrew scale item variance, scales constructed from the factors had, at best, modest internal consistency reliabilities, and it was suggested that these scales are of limited clinical use. It was concluded that the scale appears to have an insufficient item pool for uncovering more than a few dimensions of personality and behavior among alcoholics.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Drinking patterns and preferences among heart patients.

The pattern of alcohol consumption and beverage preferences of heart patients were investigated in 3026 men and 760 women who have had coronary arteriography due to symptoms of coronary heart disease. The younger male heart patients (less than 40 years old) as a group had higher proportion of abstainers and heavy drinkers (more than six drinks daily) than the age-matched reference groups from the general population; the opposite was true for male patients over 60 years of age. The preference for hard liquor (more than 50% of total alcohol intake) tended to rise with age and extent of coronary artery occlusion. Wine as a preferred beverage was reported by approximately 10% of the male patients. The female patients had about twice as high prevalence of abstainers as the male patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A new approach for evaluating risk factors in coronary artery disease: a study of lipid concentrations and severity of disease in 1847 males.

Using recently developed statistical techniques, we estimated joint probability density functions for plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride concentrations in 12 subgroups of 1847 males with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. The subjects were grouped by patterns of age, history of hypertension, history of smoking and severity of disease. From the estimated joint probability density functions, we determined the way in which the risk of severe vs moderate coronary artery disease varied with the joint variation of plasma lipids for given combinations of the other risk factors. The patterns of risk that we found are evidence of the complicated way in which the relationship between plasma lipids and the severity of coronary artery disease is affected by other risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level as a prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer.

We examined the relation of carcinoembryonic antigen levels to time, site and extent of recurrence in 358 patients with colorectal cancer. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with Dukes' B and Dukes' C lesions who had preoperative levels higher than 5 ng per milliliter. There was a linear inverse correlation between preoperative levels and estimated mean time to recurrence in patients with Dukes' B and C lesions, ranging from 30 months for a level of 2 to 9.8 months for a level of 70 ng per milliliter. In patients with Dukes' C lesions the median time to recurrence was 13 months if preoperative levels were higher than 5 ng per milliliter, and 28 months if they were lower. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with resectable Dukes' B and C cancer provided an additional criterion for allocating these patients to groups at high or low risk for recurrence.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for anxiety and depression in women with breast cancer. Psychiatry and medical oncology gear up for managed care.

In this study, 275 women with breast cancer attending ambulatory breast cancer clinics in two sites were evaluated for psychological distress by using three self-report instruments: a visual analogue scale for psychological distress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results suggest that significant psychological distress exists in ambulatory women with breast cancer; all three instruments effectively measured that level of distress. Implications for the use of these instruments in educating oncological staff members, documenting need for psychiatric services in a period of capitation, and providing quality assurance evaluations of psychiatric services are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗