Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R G Choto

Publications and source records attributed to R G Choto.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Diarrhoea and growth faltering in rural Zimbabwe.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence that diarrhoea is an important cause of growth faltering in young children in developing countries. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Worker's compounds on commercial farms in Shamva, rural Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: 204 children < 12 months old were enrolled, 73 from birth. The median age at enrolment was 4 months. Eleven children died and 39 were lost to follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: Prospective weekly diarrhoea surveillance by farm health workers and monthly anthropometry. RESULTS: Growth faltering was severe, but there was little difference in average rates of growth between children with frequent diarrhoea and infrequent diarrhoea. The results of an interval-based data analysis were consistent with there being only a transient effect of diarrhoea on weight gain. Estimation of weight faltering following episodes of diarrhoea and the rate of return to the trend in the 9-14 month age range, indicated that weight loss associated with each episode was small (approximately 2%) and return to the child's trend was 90% complete within a month. At older ages than this, weight loss appeared to be less, and estimates were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These observations lend weight to the hypothesis that recurrent episodes of diarrhoea are not a potent cause of growth faltering in early childhood except in a small minority of largely catastrophic cases. Inadequate food intake is a more plausible explanation.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1994

Clinical evaluation of Nutrition Mix-1.A. Dietary supplement in sick and undernourished children.

Eight hundred and forty children between the ages of 12 and 36 months were given approximately six g daily as a supplement to their normal daily diet, of Nutrition Mix-1 for an average of 10 months each. Nutrition Mix-1(NM-1) is not a breast milk substitute, feeding formula nor a weaning food on its own. Four hundred and sixty children (54.8 pc) suffered from HIV-related disease, 280 children had several episodes of childhood diseases (33.3 pc) among whom 120 suffered from PEM. One hundred children were normal and healthy. All the children gained weight during the study period. The average weight gain was 25.7 pc for the sick and 26.8 pc the PEM children, 26.0 pc for the normal children and 51.2 pc for the HIV-related disease (HIV-RD) children-paediatric AIDS. It is concluded that NM-1 when used as recommended, is a very useful supplement for balancing children's diet in the developing or Third world countries.

Child Nutrition Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Recurrent and persistent diarrhoea in a rural Zimbabwean community: a prospective study.

Prospective surveillance of patterns of diarrhoeal disease was conducted in a cohort of 204 young children living in a rural community in Zimbabwe. Trained field assistants recorded morbidity data obtained by weekly recall of mothers. Diarrhoea was defined by a commonly used local word, and a diarrhoea-free gap of three or more days was taken to signify a new attack. Diarrhoea was common in this study population with a peak incidence between 6 and 18 months of age. There was, however, wide individual variability in diarrhoea attack rates (range 0 to 20 attacks) during the 22 month study period. Whilst only 6 per cent of the recorded diarrhoea episodes were persistent (lasting longer than 14 days), a high proportion (26 per cent) of subjects had at least one attack of persistent diarrhoea (PD) during follow up. Children who had frequent attacks of acute diarrhoea also tended to have PD; PD was rare in those with few attacks. Thus, within this uniformly deprived African community, there were individuals who had a much higher susceptibility to diarrhoea compared to others. An understanding of this variability may point the way towards more effective interventions in the control of diarrhoeal disease.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Early growth faltering in rural Zimbabwean children.

Longitudinal data on weight and height were collected during the first 30 months of life from children living in a deprived rural community in Zimbabwe. All were breast-fed for up to a mean of 21 months; maize porridge being introduced from three months onwards. During the first 6 months, growth was similar to, or even exceeded, that of the NCHS reference population. Thereafter, growth faltering was common. By the age of 30 months, there was a mean deficit in weight of 2,0 kg in girls and 2,3 kg in boys, and a mean deficit in height of 8 cm in boys and 9 cm in girls. No seasonal variation in growth pattern was found. The substantially better growth of more privileged children in Zimbabwe and elsewhere in Africa, would suggest that these children were failing to realise their full genetic potential for growth because of adverse environmental factors.

Body Height↗
PubMed1990

Breastfeeding: breast milk banks and human immunodeficiency virus.

HIV in infants and children in Zimbabwe is virtually limited to vertical transmission. Less than 5 cases of transfusion acquired HIV infections have been documented to date. Zimbabwe was the third country in the world after the United States, to screen transfusion blood and blood products. The controversy of HIV transmission through breast milk is still far from resolved. In developing countries, breast-milk substitutes for formulae are not only prohibitively expensive but dangerous because of unhygienic and economic constraints. The paper argues the case for continued breast-feeding of infants by their HIV seropositive mothers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for high diarrhoea frequency: a study in rural Zimbabwe.

Diarrhoea morbidity data were collected prospectively over 22 months from a cohort of young children living in a deprived community in rural Zimbabwe. Despite the general high prevalence of diarrhoeal disease, there was considerable individual variability in attack rates. Risk factors associated with high diarrhoea frequency were therefore sought by a questionnaire study on feeding, environmental, educational and socio-economic factors. This was supported by observation of living conditions, and water and sanitation facilities. Surprisingly, no association was found between diarrhoeal morbidity and any of these factors, suggesting that other factors such as individual hygiene behaviour or individual susceptibility to diarrhoea may play a role in determining the observed differences in diarrhoea rates in this community.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗