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Biomedical subjects

R G Caffesse

Publications and source records attributed to R G Caffesse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The effect of intensive antibacterial therapy on the sulcular environment in monkeys. Part I. Changes in the bacteriology of the gingival sulcus.

The changes induced in the bacteriology of the gingival sulcus were evaluated as part of a study considering the keratinizing potential of the sulcular epithelium when bacterial plaque was essentially eliminated. Two Rhesus monkeys were scaled and placed on a daily therapeutic regimen which included a prophylaxis, systemic tetracycline, and topical chlorhexidine. Over the 40 day experimental period and 74 days post-therapy, subgingival plaque samples were taken periodically. The plaque samples were cultured anaerobically and aerobically to determine the predominant bacterial flora. The total cultivable bacterial flora decreased from initial levels by greater than 99.9% with the antibacterial therapy. The flora shifted with therapy from one dominated by anaerobic organisms, including Bacteroides melaninogenicus (18%) and Fusobacterium species (13.9%), to a flora dominated by organisms growing aerobically. During treatment B. melaninogenicus and Fusobacterium species were not detected in any sample. After cessation of all therapy the anaerobes increased to dominance again, but B. melaninogenicus remained undetectable through 74 days post-therapy.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1980

The effect of different plaque control modalities on the keratinizing potential of the sulcular epithelium in monkeys.

The purpose of this study was to determine if various plaque control regimes would be effective in permitting the gingival sulcular epithelium to keratinize. Three adult Rhesus monkeys had their teeth scaled and were placed on specific plaque control regimes including various combinations of prophylaxes, topical chlorhexidine and systemic tetracycline. Over the 2-month experimental period, weekly Plaque and Gingival Indices were determined. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained during the first 2 treatment weeks and at the end of the 1st month. Block sections of individual teeth from the different experimental regimes were serially sectioned to be evaluated histologically for inflammation and keratinization. Plaque and Gingival Indices were significantly reduced by the end of the 8th week compared to the pretreatment levels for all experimental regimes, except that the regime consisting only of three prophylaxes per week failed to reduce the Gingival Index significantly. Rubber cup prophylaxes were less effective in reducing plaque and inflammation than when the prophylaxes were combined with topical chlorhexidine application or systemic tetracycline administration. However, all experimental regimes were capable of reducing the subgingival bacterial flora to a level permitting sufficient reduction in gingival inflammation so that sulcular keratinization would occur. Some degree of sulcular keratinization was observed for every tooth of all experimental regimes. All regimes caused a significant decrease in the Inflammatory Indices relative to the control values. A negative correlation was found between the Crestal Inflammatory Index and the Keratin Width and Keratin Length, while a positive correlation was apparent between the Keratin Width and Keratin Length.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In vitro cytotoxicity of periodontally diseased root surfaces.

The purpose of this experiment was to develop a model system for controlled in vitro testing of root surface toxicity. Human gingival fibroblasts were placed into a depression created in the root surfaces of ten heat sterilized periodontally involved teeth, one half of which were root planed to remove all irritants. The teeth and fibroblasts were incubated in culture medium for 5 days, after which the cells were fixed and stained. Each tooth was examined for migration of cells onto the root planed and non-root planed areas of the tooth, and for evidence of any cytotoxic reaction. No difference in pattern of cell growth, cell migration, or cytotoxic reaction was discernible between root planed and non-root planed areas. Normal fibroblasts could be detected on the surfaces of dentin, calculus, periodontally involved cementum, and enamel. It appears that heat-sterilized periodontally-involved root surfaces, as well as calculus and calculus-laden enamel, were not toxic to human gingival fibroblasts in cell culture.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of localized gingival recessions. Part IV. Results after three years.

Twenty-six localized recessions treated with either a lateral sliding flap or a coronally repositioned flap procedure more than 3 years ago were reevaluated. Biometric measurements on the recipient and the donor of control teeth included: a) cementoenamel junction, gingival margin; b) sulcus depth; c) gingival margin, mucogingival line. These recordings were statistically compared to those taken 180 days after the surgical procedures were performed. Pairwise t tests were used to determine whether there were any changes between the 180 days and the 3 years postoperative control with either procedure. A two sample t test was run to see whether the changes obtained with the two procedures differed from each other. No significant changes were found. The values for gingival recession, sulcus depth and width of keratinized gingiva remained stable for both techniques throughout the observation period.

Gingiva↗
PubMed1980

Connective tissue response to periodontal dressing.

The effects of three periodontal dressings (Coe-Pak, PPC, Perio Putty) upon subcutaneous tissues in 26 Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The three dressings, and a control (Teflon), were placed into polyethylene tubes. Two tubes per animal were implanted on either side of the dorsal midline area. After 14 days the specimens were retrieved and prepared for histological examination. Three methods of scoring were utilized for evaluation. First, a system evaluating the overall number of inflammatory cells, connective tissue capsule thickness, and the vascular changes produced; second, an inflammatory cell count, the Inflammatory Index (I.I), computing the inflammatory cells in a particular field of view for each material; and third, a Reaction Spread Index (R.S.I.) comparing the distance of the spread of the inflammatory reaction into the connective tissues. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out utilizing the Chi-square test and analysis of variance. While the three scoring systems utilized did result in some comparative variation in reactions, the overall order of decreasing severity was always PPC, Coe-Pak, Perio Putty, and Teflon.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Management of periodontal disease in patients with occlusal abnormalities.

1. Periodontitis is a bacterial, plaque-induced disease. 2. Periodontal tissues may be affected simultaneously by inflammatory changes and traumatic changes. 3. Unless a traumatic injury is diagnosed, the occlusion should not be altered as part of the periodontal treatment. There is no place for prophylactic treatment of the occlusion. 4. Occlusal adjustment, occlusal bite splints, orthodontic treatment, and restorative dentistry are all means to treat the occlusion. 5. Occlusal treatment is generally performed after control of the inflammatory periodontal changes by root preparation and oral hygiene. 6. Restorative procedures should be carried out at least one to two months after completion of periodontal surgery. 7. The aim of occlusal therapy should be the establishment and maintenance of stable occlusal relationships and the restoration of an optimal occlusal function.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1979

The gingival response to well-finished composite resin restorations.

Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions are made: 1. Well-finished and contoured composite resin restorations do not adversely affect the health of the gingiva. 2. The gingiva exhibits less inflammatory response to a well-finished and contoured composite resin restoration than to an open carious lesion. 3. The gingival inflammatory changes which do occur are independent of the presence of well-finished and contoured composite resin restorations. 4. Observation over an extended period of time is necessary to determine if composite resin restorations ultimately become gingival irritants.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The role of sulcular environment in controlling epithelial keratinization.

The influence of the sulcular environment on the keratinization of the outer surface gingival epithelium was tested in three young adult Rhesus monkeys. A total of 40 mucoperiosteal flaps were raised, and inverted so as to bring the outer surface epithelium in contact with the tooth, and were sutured. The experimental time intervals varied from 1 hour to 60 days. The monkeys received H3 thymidine 1 hour prior to sacrifice. The material was prepared for histologic and radioautographic evaluation. Results indicated that the outer surface epithelium changes its morphology to a nonkeratinized epithelium devoid of deep rete pegs when in close contact with the tooth, resulting in the anatomical characteristics normally seen in sulcular epithelium. It is concluded that the sulcular environment has the capability of controlling the keratinizing potential of the outer surface gingival epithelium. It is further suggested that the constant irritation of bacterial plaque and its products may be responsible for the premature desquamation of the sulcular epithelium which in turn might not allow its full differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Removal of amalgam overhangs. A profilometric and scanning electron microscopic evaluation.

Forty recently extracted teeth with Class II amalgam restorations with overhangs were divided into four groups of 10 teeth each. The overhangs were removed using one of the following instruments in each group: trimmer, chisel, surgical blade and reciprocating motordriven diamond tip. Instrumentation was performed until no irregularity could be detected clinically with a No. 3 explorer. The tooth-amalgam interfaces were examined by combined use of a surface measuring instrument and a scanning electron microscope. Four tracings from each specimen were recorded and the discrepancy at the tooth-restoration interface was measured. The mean score for each tooth was determined, and the results were analyzed statistically. The tooth-restoration interfaces were photographed at 140 magnification with the SEM. The results indicated that all instruments tested were effective in removing overhangs, since none of the mean discrepancies registered after instrumentation exceed 4 micron. The surgical blade, and especially the reciprocating motor-driven diamond tip eliminated overhangs better than the chisel. Both SEM photographs and the profilometric tracings revealed gaps or voids at the toothamalgam interface, ranging from 10 to 50 micron.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1978

Effect of occlusal splints on TMJ symptomatology.

The clinical response of TMJ symptomatology to full-coverage occlusal splints, when used as the only means of treatment, was evaluated. The symptomatology recorded during the last postoperative visit was compared to the initial visit. The response of the different symptoms to the use of the occlusal splint was analyzed statistically using a chi-square test. A statistically significant difference (p = .03) was only found when comparing those groups having only pain or dysfunction symptomatology. The response favored the remission of pain. However, every symptom was improved with the use of an occlusal splint. It was concluded that: 1. Both pain and dysfunction symptomatology will benefit from the occlusal splint therapy. 2. The pain response will be significantly better than the dysfunction response when the patient is treated with an occlusal splint. 3. Eighty percent of the patients suffering from a TMJ syndrome will improve or be cured when the only form of treatment is the use of a full-coverage occlusal splint.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1978

Cheek mucosa response to silk, cotton, and nylon suture materials.

The cheek mucosa reacted to the implantation of cotton and silk with an aseptic inflammatory exudate which was found 24 hours and 4 days postoperatively. The leukocytic infiltrate was followed by a histiocytic reaction. Which was established at 7 days but which later progressively declined. The comparison of these findings with those previously obtained from gingival tissues revealed that the leukocytic infiltration in the gingiva was minimal or nonexistent. Probably, the difference in the leukocytic reacting capacity of the gingiva and cheek mucosa was due to the different histologic architecture present in both tissues and directly related to the active capacity of the suture materials to modify the internal biologic medium.

Animals↗