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Biomedical subjects

R Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to R Fujii.

331 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Absorption, excretion, and clinical efficacy of moxalactam in pediatric patients.

Absorption and excretion of moxalactam were studied in 58 children between two and 14 years of age. Mean serum levels reached peaks of 96.6 and 76.0 micrograms/ml 15 min after intravenous injection of 20 and 10 mg of moxalactam/kg, respectively. The respective serum half lives were 103 and 83 min. Mean serum levels after intravenous drip infusion over a 1-hr interval reached peaks of 71.4 and 39.8 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion of 20 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The respective serum half lives were 103 and 94 min. Mean cumulative urinary recovery of the administered dose for the 6-hr interval after intravenous injection or drip infusion was approximately 73%. Among the patients from whom pathogens were isolated, satisfactory clinical response was obtained in 11 (92%) of 12 patients with meningitis, 4 (80%) of 5 patients with septicemia, all 9 patients with bronchitis, 32 (91.4%) of 35 patients with pneumonia, 33 (91.6%) of 36 patients with urinary tract infections, and all 8 patients with lymphadenitis or skin and soft-tissue infections. In all of the nine patients with meningitis for whom levels of the drug in cerebrospinal fluid were determined, levels of moxalactam were much higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the pathogens, and these levels were associated with prompt clinical and bacteriologic responses. Adverse reactions were noted in only four of 279 treated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of parenteral administration of cefsulodin in pediatric patients in Japan.

A multicenter study of cefsulodin was carried out with pediatric patients having infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical responses were evaluated in 78 of 84 cases, and bacteriologic responses were evaluated in 77 cases. Peak serum levels, urinary excretion rates, and biologic half-lives were determined for some patients. Daily dosage of cefsulodin was usually 60-100 mg/kg of body weight given in three to four divided doses. Infections were mainly septicemia (12 cases), respiratory tract infections (23), and urinary tract infections (26); clinical responses in these cases were excellent or good in 75.0% of the cases (nine of 12), 78.3% (18 of 23), and 84.6% (22 of 26), respectively. P. aeruginosa was eradicated in 67.5% of patients (52 of 77) and was replaced in an additional 5.2% (four of 77). No adverse reactions were observed except for four cases of eosinophilia and one case in which serum transaminase levels were elevated. These results indicate that cefsulodin is a safe and useful drug for the treatment of pseudomonal infections in pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thrombocytopenia associated with platelet-associated immunoglobulin G in alcoholic hepatitis.

A 45 year old Japanese man with alcoholic hepatitis developed thrombocytopenia together with an increase in the level of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (PAIgG). Bone marrow aspiration revealed a normal nucleated cell count and a slight increase of megakaryocytes. After abstinence from alcohol, laboratory and symptomatic improvement occurred in association with a prompt increase in the platelet count and a corresponding decrease of PAIgG. These findings suggest that PAIgG may have been involved in the development of thrombocytopenia in this patient.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dissolved organic carbon and disinfection by-product precursor release from managed peat soils.

A wetland restoration demonstration project examined the effects of a permanently flooded wetland on subsidence of peat soils. The project, started in 1997, was done on Twitchell Island, in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Conversion of agricultural land to a wetland has changed many of the biogeochemical processes controlling dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release from the peat soils, relative to the previous land use. Dissolved organic C in delta waters is a concern because it reacts with chlorine, added as a disinfectant in municipal drinking waters, to form carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). This study explores the effects of peat soil biogeochemistry on DOC and DBP release under agricultural and wetland management. Results indicate that organic matter source, extent of soil organic matter decomposition, and decomposition pathways all are factors in THM formation. The results show that historical management practices dominate the release of DOC and THM precursors. However, within-site differences indicate that recent management decisions can contribute to changes in DOC quality and THM precursor formation. Not all aromatic forms of carbon are highly reactive and certain environmental conditions produce the specific carbon structures that form THMs. Both HAA and THM precursors are elevated in the DOC released under wetland conditions. The findings of this study emphasize the need to further investigate the roles of organic matter sources, microbial decomposition pathways, and decomposition status of soil organic matter in the release of DOC and DBP precursors from delta soils under varying land-use practices.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of HeLa cell contamination--presence of human papillomavirus 18 DNA as HeLa marker in JTC-3, OG and OE cell lines.

There are warnings of the contamination of cell cultures with HeLa cells in many laboratories in the world. The cell lines JTC-3, OG and OE that were established in Okayama in 1959, 1969 and 1971, respectively, were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 DNA by Southern blot hybridization. The HPV 18 DNA detected in these three cell lines showed hybridization patterns characteristic of the HPV 18 DNA in the HeLa cell line established in 1951. Southern hybridization patterns of HPV 18 DNA in the cellular DNA of the C4-II cervical cancer cell line that was established in the USA in 1962 was different from that of HeLa cells. These results suggest that the JTC-3, OG and OE cell lines have been contaminated by HeLa cells.

Biomarkers↗