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Biomedical subjects

R Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to R Fujii.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of latamoxef (moxalactam) in neonates and premature infants].

Studies were carried out on the in vivo kinetics and clinical efficacy of latamoxef (LMOX) in neonates and premature infants. The results are summarized below. Serum concentration and T1/2 following intravenous injection of LMOX to neonates LMOX was intravenously administered to neonates as one shot doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. The serum concentration of LMOX showed a dose-response to the 10 and 20 mg/kg doses in each of the 0--3 day-old group, 4--7 day-old group and 8--28 day-old group. The T 1/2 values were as follows; for the 10 mg/kg dose, 5.17 hours in the 0--3 day-old group, 3.28 hours in the 4--7 day-old group and 2.79 hours in the 8--28 day-old group; for the 20 mg/kg dose, 5.58 hours in the 0--3 day-old group, 3.46 hours in the 4--7 day-old group and 3.14 hours in the 8--28 day-old group. Thus, it is seen that the half-life of both dosages decreased as the infants became older. Serum concentration and T 1/2 following intravenous injection of LMOX to premature infants Similar to the case of neonates described above, the concentration of LMOX in the serum of the premature infants showed a dose-response to the 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg dosages. The T 1/2 values for the 0--3, 4--7 day-old and 8--28 day-old groups were 7.54, 3.93 hours and 6.25 hours, respectively, for the 10 mg/kg dose, and 10.8, 4.05 hours and 3.23 hours, respectively, for the 20 mg/kg dose. Again, it is seen that the half-life of both dosages decreased as the age of the prematurely-born infants increased. Serum concentration and T1/2 following 1-hour intravenous drip infusion of LMOX to neonates LMOX was administered to neonates in doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, by i.v. drip infusion over a 1-hour period. With both dosages, the peak serum concentration of LMOX occurred at the time of completion of the infusion. The T1/2 values for the 0--3, 4--7 day-old and 8--28 day-old groups were 5.41, 3.68 hours and 1.92 hours, respectively, for the 10 mg/kg dose, and 5.31, 2.67 hours and 4.86 hours, respectively, for the 20 mg/kg dose. Urinary excretion of LMOX in neonates and premature infants. The percentage of the administered LMOX dose contained in the urine excreted during the 6-hour period following intravenous administration of LMOX to neonates and premature infants was determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Effects of AC-1370, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, on phagocyte functions.

The effects of a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, AC-1370, on phagocyte functions were compared with those of cefoperazone. AC-1370 augmented phagocytosis by mouse macrophages in vitro and in vivo, by mouse neutrophils in vivo, and by human neutrophils in vitro. Cefoperazone suppressed phagocytosis by mouse macrophages and neutrophils. Random migration and chemotaxis of mouse and human neutrophils were increased by the addition of AC-1370. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by human neutrophils was enhanced by the addition of AC-1370. Intracellular killing of bacteria by macrophages was also enhanced by AC-1370. Further, bactericidal effects of AC-1370 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were augmented when they were each cultured with mouse or human leukocytes. These results suggest that AC-1370 is an unique beta-lactam antibiotic which has a potentiating effect on phagocyte functions as well as a bactericidal effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Detection of metastatic neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow aspirates by formaldehyde induced fluorescence histochemistry.

Metastatic neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow aspirates were examined by the formaldehyde induced fluorescence histochemical method. With this method we could easily identify abnormal cells as metastatic neuroblastoma cells by observing catecholamine green colored fluorescence in their cytoplasma. This formaldehyde induced fluorescence histochemical method is significantly useful for the diagnosis of metastatic neuroblastoma of the bone marrow.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the pediatric infections].

T-1982 (cefbuperazone) was evaluated in 25 children with a suspicion of bacterial infections, of the 21 confirmed bacterial infections, 18 were shown to be effective (efficacy rate, 85.7%). The diagnosis included pneumonia (4), bronchopneumonia (3), acute bronchitis (4), acute pharyngitis (1), acute laryngitis (1), acute epiglottitis (1), acute enterocolitis (3), cervical lymphadenitis (1), acute pyelonephritis (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiologic pathogens recovered were Haemophilus influenzae (4), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Salmonella typhimurium (1), Salmonella subgenus (1), and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (2). Among these strains, 7 strains were eradicated after treatment. A case of suspected septicemia and 2 cases of acute enterocolitis with Salmonella infection were not effectively treated with T-1982. The serum half-life of T-1982 was 1.2 hours after an intravenous bolus injection. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the T-1982 therapy. The data suggest that T-1982 is an effective and safe parenteral antibiotic in the treatment of susceptible pediatric bacterial infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Comprehensive evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics].

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out under a joint study programme in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study In 20 pediatric patients with normal renal function, weighing 15 to 48 kg, CTT was injected intravenously at 20 mg/kg in 3 to 5 minutes. The mean blood concentration of CTT was 215.6 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after the end of injection, 90.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 57.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 10.2 micrograms/ml at 8 hours. The half-life of the drug in the beta-phase, computed from the mean blood concentrations up to 8 hours postdosing, was 2.61 hours. The peak of the mean urinary excretion of cefotetan appeared in 0 to 2 hours after the injection and 36.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine. The mean excretion at 0 to 8 hours was 68.1%. Clinical study Clinical effects of CTT was evaluated in 285 patients with 287 diseases, since 1 patient had both pneumonia and erysipelas, and another both pneumonia and acute otitis media. Daily dosage of CTT ranged from 15 to 123 mg/kg, and 266 patients (93.3%) received the drug either 2 or 3 times daily. The clinical response was seen in 83.3% of the 6 cases with sepsis, 89.3% of the 122 cases with pneumonia with or without pyothorax, 96.2% of the 52 cases with either acute bronchitis or tonsillitis, 92.5% of the 67 cases with urinary tract infection and 92.5% of the 40 cases with other infections. The causative organisms were detected in 160 patients and the rate of complete disappearance was 80.6%. Out of 310 patients, side effects were seen in 9 cases, diarrhea in 8 (2.6%) and rash in 1 (0.3%). Abnormal clinical laboratory findings were seen in 24 cases, elevation of serum transaminases in 19 (7.8%), elevation of TTT and LDH in 1 (0.4%) and eosinophilia in 4 (1.6%). None of these cases showed serious side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory findings. From the above results, it is concluded that CTT is one of the useful drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Pharmacological evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in acute respiratory tract infection in children: a comparison with an oral form of ampicillin].

A comparative well-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ampicillin rectal suppository (KS-R1) compared with those of oral form of ampicillin (ABPC) against acute respiratory tract infections in pediatric field. KS-R1 at the dose of 125 mg X 4/day of ABPC in potency, or the oral form at the same dosage, was given to 166 cases of patients with acute respiratory tract infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae for 7 days, as a rule. The clinical efficacy rates evaluated in 151 cases (KS-R1 group in 77 cases, oral group in 74 cases) on standard criteria of committee members were 88.3% for the KS-R1 group and 86.5% for the oral group, respectively. There was no significant difference between 2 groups. Evaluation by stratification according to the diagnosis showed that the efficacy rates for the KS-R1 group and for the oral group were 87.5% and 85.0% against pharyngitis, 90.5% and 90.0% against tonsillitis and 84.2% and 78.6% against bronchitis, respectively. None of them showed significant difference between 2 groups. The bacteriological effect was evaluated in 55 cases (KS-R1 group in 33 cases, oral group in 22 cases), and disappearance rate was 93.9% for the KS-R1 group and 95.5% for the oral group, showing no significant difference. Side effect including subjective and objective symptoms were strictly evaluated in 163 cases (KS-R1 group in 83 cases, oral group in 80 cases), but the incidence rate which was 22.9% for the KS-R1 group and 23.8% for the oral group showed no significant difference. The above results indicate that against acute respiratory tract infections in pediatric field, KS-R1 possesses clinical efficacy and safety similar to the oral form of ABPC, and that it is a useful suppository.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical studies of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in pediatrics].

Ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) was given to 67 childish patients with acute febrile upper respiratory infection and 1 patient with urinary tract infection at dose level of 29-63 mg/kg/day divided into 3-4. Twenty-five strains of pathogens were isolated in 23 patients out of 68 before the administration of KS-R1, and 19 strains (76.0%) among them were eradicated by KS-R1. Clinically, all cases were effective. The clinical efficacy alone was determined in other 44 patients with acute febrile upper respiratory infection and 1 patient with urinary tract infection, and only 3 cases among them showed poor effect with KS-R1 treatment. No side effects were observed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics].

Cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic having a long serum half-life (2.93 +/- 0.78 hours), was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-four patients were treated with a daily dose of 30 to 100 mg/kg of CTT by intravenous administrations mostly in 2 divided doses. The diagnoses of the effective patients were acute bronchitis (5), pneumonia (4), acute urinary tract infections (4), acute enterocolitis (2), presumed septicemia (1), and phlegmon (1); and the effectiveness was 77.3%. The pathogens recovered from these patients were S. pneumoniae (1), H. influenzae (3), S. marcescens (1), E. coli (2), and K. oxytoca (1). CTT was not effective in staphylococcal pneumonia and empyema (each 1 case), in Pseudomonas pneumonia (2), and in a case of brain abscess and mastoiditis of unknown etiology. Diarrhea (2), and transient elevations of the serum GOT, GPT, and LDH (1) were associated with the CTT therapy, but no severe adverse reaction was encountered. The CSF level of CTT seemed to be lower among several new cephalosporins. From the present study, CTT appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. A twice-a-day schedule was recommended from its long serum half-life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatric].

Cefpiramide (CPM), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with good antipseudomonas activities, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 20 children with bacterial infections. The diagnoses of the patients included pneumonia (10), acute bronchitis (1), streptococcal pharyngitis (1), purulent cervical lymphadenitis (1), urinary tract infections (2), acute enterocolitis (1), infections in agranulocytosis and acute leukemia (2), and acute purulent meningitis (2). Of the 20 patients, 17 were cured by the CPM therapy. The main etiologic pathogens were H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, S. pneumoniae and E. coli. The serum half-life of CPM was 2.4 to 4.1 hours after an intravenous bolus injection. As an adverse reaction, diarrhea was encountered in 4 cases, and 1 of them experienced severe watery diarrhea with significant fecal colonization of K. oxytoca. The data suggest that CPM is an effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. Administrations divided in 2 to 3 dosages will be enough to maintain effective serum levels.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Muscarinic cholinoceptors mediate neurally evoked pigment aggregation in glass catfish melanophores.

Sympathetic innervation to the melanophores of a siluroid Parasilurus has been the sole instance of such innervation among lower vertebrates, in which the peripheral transmission to the effector cells is peculiarly cholinergic (Fujii and Miyashita, 1976). In an effort to find a similar case, we studied the nature of transmission of melanophores of a glass catfish Kryptopterus. Electrical nervous stimulation brought about melanosome aggregation in the melanophores. While catecholamines were found ineffective, acetylcholine and its analogues were potently active in aggregating pigment. Atropine or scopolamine interferred with the action of both nervous stimulation and acetylcholine. Physostigmine, on the other hand, augmented the cholinergic effects. The conclusion was that the transmission was cholinergic, being mediated by cholinoceptors of muscarinic type, as in the case of Parasilurus.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1982

Receptor mechanisms in fish chromatophores--V. MSH disperses melanosomes in both dermal and epidermal melanophores of a catfish (Parasilurus asotus).

1. Synthetic alpha-MSH was tested for its action on dermal and epidermal melanophores of the siluroid catfish. Parasilurus asotus. 2. MSH did not produce melanosome aggregation in these melanophores. 3. It was, however, very effective in bringing about pigment dispersion in dermal melanophores. 4. Epidermal melanophores were also responsive to MSH, although the rate and the degree of the response was smaller than those of the dermal melanophores. 5. A possible role of MSH in skin color changes in vivo is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Cyclocytidine therapy for the herpes-group virus infection in children. A preliminary study].

Cyclocytidine (Cyclo-C) was evaluated as an antiviral chemotherapeutic agent in 10 children with herpes-group virus infections. The diagnoses of the patients were severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) syndrome with pneumonitis in acute leukemia (2), congenital or infantile CMV infections (3), herpes zoster encephalitis in acute leukemia (1), severe nosocomial varicella in compromised patients (2), varicella pneumonia (1) and acute encephalitis due to herpes simplex type-1 (1). Cyclo-C was effective in all the cases with acute infections, although it had no benefit on the course of chronic CMV infection with irreversible damages. However, complete or transient ceasing of viral shedding was obtained in all the 5 cases with CMV infections. From the present small open study, further evaluation of Cyclo-C as an antiviral agent especially in acute CMV infections is warranted.

Ancitabine↗
PubMed1982

[Mezlocillin].

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Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the pediatric infections (author's transl)].

Ceftizoxime (FK 749, CZX) was evaluated in 24 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 17 confirmed bacterial infections, 16 were shown to be effective (effective rate, 94.1%). The diagnosis included acute pharyngitis (2), pneumonia (6), staphylococcal empyema (1), cervical purulent lymphadenitis (2), acute enterocolitis (2), acute pyelonephritis (1), SSSS (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiological pathogens recovered were Streptococcus anginosus (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Haemophilus influenzae (3), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1) etc. A case of suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia was not effectively treated with CZX. The serum half-life of CZX was 1.36 hours after intravenous bolus infection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CZX was 6.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous bolus injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CZX therapy. The data suggest that CZX is an excellent candidate for the first choice parenteral antibiotic in the pediatric infections.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical investigations of cefotaxime in neonates].

Fundamental and clinical investigations of cefotaxime were carried out in neonates. The following results were obtained. 1. Seven neonates with serious infections caused by identifiable pathogens, including Group B streptococcal meningitis and Group A streptococcal sepsis, were treated by intravenous bolus injection of 20-200 mg/kg of cefotaxime 2 or 3 times daily (60-400 mg/kg/day). The clinical efficacy of cefotaxime was assessed to be good in 6 patients and fair in 1 patient. Bacteriological efficacy was evaluable in 4 patients, all of whom displayed complete eradication of pathogens. 2. Among 22 neonates administered cefotaxime, adverse reactions appeared in 3 patients. Adverse reactions consisted of a transient skin rash in 1 patient and elevation of GOT in 2 patients. 3. Serum concentrations of cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime were investigated in 8 mature infants and 5 immature infants on days 0-7 postpartum. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg produced peak serum concentrations of 31.8-49.7 mcg/ml, associated with a half-life of 1.38-4.47 hours, in mature infants and peak serum concentrations of 35.5-55.0 mcg/ml, associated with a half-life of 3.22-6.43 hours, in immature infants. On days 0-2 postpartum the half-life was longer than on subsequent days. This tendency was particularly remarkable in immature infants. Serum concentrations of desacetyl cefotaxime displayed high individual variations; no consistent trends were noted. 4. Cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime serum concentrations were studied in 3 neonates undergoing exchanged transfusion (exchanged volume 177-180 ml/kg) on 1-4 days postpartum. Serum concentrations of cefotaxime after exchanged transfusion were equivalent to 32.6-63.9% of the pretransfusion level, while those of desacetyl cefotaxime were 75.2-106% of the pretransfusion level. 5. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBCs) of cefotaxime were determined against clinical isolates. MICs for inoculum sizes of 10(8)/ml and 10(6)/ml were respectively 3.13-25 mcg/ml and 3.13-25 mcg/ml against S. aureus, 0.024 mcg/ml and 0.012 mcg/ml against Group A Streptococcus, 0.05 mcg/ml and 0.05 mcg/ml against Group B Streptococcus and 0.39 mcg/ml and 0.1 mcg/ml against E. coli. MBCs for an inoculum size of 10(6)/ml were 3.13-100 mcg/ml or over against S. aureus, 0.012 mcg/ml against Group A Streptococcus, 0.39 mcg/ml against Group B Streptococcus and 1.56 mcg/ml against E. coli.

Bacteria↗