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Biomedical subjects

R Frost

Publications and source records attributed to R Frost.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Multiple radiopaque masses in the jaws.

In this report, the less common oral findings occurring in Gardner's syndrome are described, which occurred concurrently with colorectal polyposis. In addition, what clinically appeared as small intestinal polyps, microscopically represented nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, as reported in the literature. Review of the literature showed the oral findings reported here are not common and that enzyme assays can help detect polyps at an early stage of this complex syndrome.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1989

Orthographic depth and the interaction of visual and auditory processing in word recognition.

We studied the influence of word frequency and orthographic depth on the interaction of orthographic and phonetic information in word perception. Native speakers of English and Serbo-Croatian were presented with simultaneous printed and spoken verbal stimuli and had to decide whether they were equivalent. Decision reaction time was measured in three experimental conditions: Clear print and clear speech, degraded print and clear speech, and clear print and degraded speech. Within each language, the effects of visual and auditory degradation were measured, relative to the undegraded presentation. Both effects of degradation were much stronger in English than in Serbo-Croatian. Moreover, they were the same for high- and low-frequency words in both languages. These results can be accounted for by a parallel interactive processing model that assumes lateral connections between the orthographic and phonological systems at all of their levels. The structure of these lateral connections is independent of word frequency and is determined by the relationship between spelling and phonology in the language: simple isomorphic connections between graphemes and phonemes in Serbo-Croatian, but more complex, many-to-one, connections in English.

Form Perception↗
PubMed1988

Detectability of words and nonwords in two kinds of noise.

Recent models of speech perception emphasize the possibility of interactions among different processing levels. There is evidence that the lexical status of an utterance (i.e., whether it is a meaningful word or not) may influence earlier stages of perceptual analysis. To test how far down such "top-down" influences might penetrate, an investigation was conducted to determine whether there is a difference in detectability of words and nonwords masked by amplitude-modulated or unmodulated broadband noise. The results were negative, suggesting either that the stages of perceptual analysis engaged in the detection task are impermeable to lexical top-down effects, or that the lexical level was not sufficiently activated to have any facilitative effect on perception.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Deaths in custody. Atlanta City Jail and Fulton County Jail, 1974-1985.

A total of 53 in-custody deaths that occurred in Atlanta-Fulton County, Georgia, between 1974 and 1985 are reviewed. Custody deaths showed characteristics similar to those described in other geographical areas. The majority of deaths were due to natural causes, about one-fourth were suicides, and homicides were rare. For jails that housed a daily population of about 1,000 prisoners, an average of 4.4 deaths were observed annually. Men predominated, and racial makeup paralleled the general prison population. Seizures, alcohol-related illness, and cardiovascular disease caused over half of the natural deaths. All suicides were accomplished by hanging. Over two-thirds of the incidents that led to death occurred in the prisoner's cell, and about one-half of the victims were found dead in their cells. Two-thirds of those who died in custody had been arrested for crimes in which persons were not harmed, while nearly two-thirds of those committing suicide had been arrested for crimes against persons. Deaths in custody are expected events, and familiarity with the circumstances under which they occur should be helpful in enabling prison managers to establish policies and procedures to minimize their occurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Strategies for visual word recognition and orthographical depth: a multilingual comparison.

We investigated the psychological reality of the concept of orthographical depth and its influence on visual word recognition by examining naming performance in Hebrew, English, and Serbo-Croatian. We ran three sets of experiments in which we used native speakers and identical experimental methods in each language. Experiment 1 revealed that the lexical status of the stimulus (high-frequency words, low-frequency words, and nonwords) significantly affected naming in Hebrew (the deepest of the three orthographies). This effect was only moderate in English and nonsignificant in Serbo-Croatian (the shallowest of the three orthographies). Moreover, only in Hebrew did lexical status have similar effects on naming and lexical decision performance. Experiment 2 revealed that semantic priming effects in naming were larger in Hebrew than in English and completely absent in Serbo-Croatian. Experiment 3 revealed that a large proportion of nonlexical tokens (nonwords) in the stimulus list affects naming words in Hebrew and in English, but not in Serbo-Croatian. These results were interpreted as strong support for the orthographical depth hypothesis and suggest, in general, that in shallow orthographies phonology is generated directly from print, whereas in deep orthographies phonology is derived from the internal lexicon.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1986

Percutaneous drainage of iliopsoas abscess in Crohn's disease.

Iliopsoas abscess is a rare but serious complication of Crohn's disease. Initial treatment by surgical drainage of the abscess alone or in combination with bowel resection has been recommended. Percutaneous catheter abscess drainage (PAD) has not been described. We report 3 patients with this uncommon complication of Crohn's disease in whom PAD was attempted. It was successful in 2 cases but failed in 1, who went on to have the abscess drained surgically. We suggest that PAD can be a useful initial treatment to improve the patient's condition prior to definitive surgical resection.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of twice-daily ranitidine with standard cimetidine treatment of duodenal ulcer.

One hundred and three outpatients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to treatment with either cimetidine 200 mg tds and 400 mg nocte, or ranitidine 150 mg bd for four weeks. The endoscopists were not aware of the treatment and took no part in the clinical management. On completion of treatment ulcers had healed in 43 of 51 (84%) patients given cimetidine and in 40 of 52 (77%) patients given ranitidine. There were no serious unwanted effects in either treatment group. The results show no significant difference between healing rates after four weeks of standard cimetidine therapy or ranitidine 150 mg bd.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Identification by retarded and nonretarded children of stimuli varying along one, two, or three dimensions.

The effects of number and type of dimension of stimulus variation, type of dimensional combination, and delay of response upon the identification performance of retarded and nonretarded children were examined. A retarded-nonretarded subject difference in identification ability and delay effects found in an earlier study (Smith & Kaufman, 1972) was replicated, and a developmental effect for nonretarded children was found as well. A retarded-nonretarded subject interaction was indicated for the effects of increasing number of dimensions of variation and for the effects of type of dimensional combination (figure-figure combinations as opposed to figure-ground combinations).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Successful treatment of Pseudomonas cepacia endocarditis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

A patient with a history of alcoholism and drug abuse who developed Pseudomonas cepacia endocarditis is described. The organism was found to be resistant in vitro to all common antimicrobial agents except chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Treatment failed with penicillin and streptomycin and later with chloramphenicol. Orally administered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, however, resulted in sterilization of the patient's blood and aortic valve which was resected 27 days after the start of therapy. A 6-week course of therapy was completed and, to date (6 months after treatment), there has been no recurrence.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular risk modification in the college student: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To study knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding cardiovascular risk in college students, and to delineate preferred modes of gaining further information. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Four-year public liberal arts college. PARTICIPANTS: 1,503 students returning a questionnaire (response rate of 60.4%). RESULTS: Over 91% of respondents knew hypertension was a major cardiovascular risk factor. In addition, 90% identified smoking, 86.7% identified cholesterol level, and 72% identified exercise as additional factors. Under 16% reported that they smoked cigarettes, but only 33.5% exercised regularly. Only 32.9% had had cholesterol levels checked, with 19.2% knowing their values. Over 94% named doctors and nurses as desired sources of further information, yet only 23% said doctors had previously discussed prevention of heart disease with them. CONCLUSIONS: General knowledge of cardiac risk factors is high among college students, yet actual behavior does not necessarily reflect assimilation of these concepts. Students seek health information from traditional sources. Primary care physicians have a unique opportunity to address these issues, especially in the pre-college physical examination.

Adolescent↗