Assignment of the Leydig insulin-like hormone to porcine chromosome 2q12-q13 by somatic cell hybrid analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
R Fries
Publications and source records attributed to R Fries.
A genetic linkage map for cattle.
We report the most extensive physically anchored linkage map for cattle produced to date. Three-hundred thirteen genetic markers ordered in 30 linkage groups, anchored to 24 autosomal chromosomes (n = 29), the X and Y chromosomes, four unanchored syntenic groups and two unassigned linkage groups spanning 2464 cM of the bovine genome are summarized. The map also assigns 19 type I loci to specific chromosomes and/or syntenic groups and four cosmid clones containing informative microsatellites to chromosomes 13, 25 and 29 anchoring syntenic groups U11, U7 and U8, respectively. This map provides the skeletal framework prerequisite to development of a comprehensive genetic map for cattle and analysis of economic trait loci (ETL).
Animals↗
Chromosomal assignment of porcine microsatellites by use of a somatic cell hybrid mapping panel.
A well-established and characterized somatic cell hybrid panel was used to map three polymorphic microsatellites. Microsatellite S0072, representing the linkage group S0007-S0072, was assigned to porcine chromosome 14. Microsatellite S0009, representing the unassigned linkage group EAM-S0009-S0071, was assigned tentatively to porcine chromosome 11. Finally, S0062 was tentatively mapped to chromosome 18. S0062 may represent the first marker for porcine chromosome 18.
Animals↗
Co-segregation of the malignant hyperthermia and the Arg615-Cys615 mutation in the skeletal muscle calcium release channel protein in five European Landrace and Pietrain pig breeds.
A total of 392 pigs of European Landrace and Pietrain origin segregating for malignant hyperthermia (MH) were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction endonuclease test for the C-T mutation at nucleotide (nt) 1843 in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RYR1) gene, earlier identified as the causal mutation for MH. All pigs had been halothane tested and genotyped at linked polymorphic marker loci. There was complete correlation between MH status of the 392 animals, as diagnosed by a combination of the halothane challenge test with S, GPI, H, A1BG, PGD haplotyping, and the DNA-based test. DNA-based detection of the MH status in 238 MH-susceptible heterozygous (N/n) and homozygous (n/n) pigs was shown to be accurate, eliminating the 2% diagnostic error that is associated with the halothane challenge test. The mutation was also associated with an allele of a polymorphic microsatellite (ETH5 001) at the RYR1 locus.
Alleles↗
Bovine synteny group U7, previously assigned to G-banded chromosome 25 in the ISCNDA nomenclature, assigns to R-banded chromosome 29.
Four microsatellite-containing bovine cosmids have been regionally localized by fluorescence in situ hybridization to bovine R-banded chromosome 29 (BTA29) and to the 1;29 translocated chromosomes. PCR-analyses of a somatic hybrid cell panel assigned the four microsatellites to synteny group U7. One of the cosmids (IDVGA7) has been previously mapped to G-banded BTA25 allowing to assign U7 to this chromosome. Hence, it is concluded that G-banded BTA25 corresponds to R-banded BTA29. The occurrence of other misleading nomenclatures for small bovine chromosomes is discussed.
Animals↗
[Salmonella in broiler intestines in relation to flooring system].
Broilers were reared on two flooring systems: conventional litter (wood shavings) and plastic floor ("trampoline") without litter. Female birds were housed over 49 d (20 birds per m2), males over 70 d (10 birds per m2). After slaughtering the guts were sampled and deep frozen. Guts of 84 birds from litter floor and 94 birds from plastic floor were examined for Salmonella. Totally, 20% of the guts were Salmonella negative. The plastic floor did not significantly diminish the occurrence of Salmonella. Also not significant in both flooring systems was the higher amount of negative samples after 49 d than after 70 days. Data show, that the amount of Salmonella in the guts of birds from plastic-floor might have been lower than those from litter-floor, in the samples from plastic-floor the amount of Salmonella after 49 days might have been lower than in those after 70 days rearing. The isolates were S. virchow and S. enteritidis.
Animals↗
Chromosomal localization and detection of DNA polymorphisms in the bovine polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene.
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) mediates transcellular transport of secretory antibodies in glandular and mucosal epithelial cells. By use of a bovine-rodent somatic cell hybrid panel the bovine PIGR locus has been assigned to syntenic group U1. Using in situ hybridization, PIGR was localized to bovine chromosome 16, segment q13, thus confirming the recent assignment of syntenic group U1 to this chromosome. Two common restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) with the enzymes BamHI and MspI were detected using the PIGR cDNA as probe. Direct PCR sequencing of a segment in the PIGR coding region (nucleotides 162-413) from 13 bulls of Norwegian Cattle revealed single nucleotide exchanges at two positions. An efficient PCR-RFLP method for detection of these mutations was developed.
Animals↗
[Methods for the detection of viral contamination in food of animal origin].
Contamination of foods of animal origin with pathogenic human viruses may occur during handling or through polluted water. Most of these viruses are pathogens originating from the human gastrointestinal tract. They can be transmitted by the consumption of contaminated food and often cause disease. A survey is given of DNA- and RNA-viruses that may occur as contaminants of foods. In addition, the classical methods for detecting viral contaminations in foods are summarized. They are based on the effects after virus inoculation of cell cultures. Besides the fact that these methods are not economic and time consuming, they do not permit detection of some of the most important foodborne gastroenteritis viruses. The possibility of replacing these methods by detecting the viral genomes using hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is discussed.
Animals↗
Physically mapped, cosmid-derived microsatellite markers as anchor loci on bovine chromosomes.
To identify physical and genetic anchor loci on bovine chromosomes, 13 cosmids, obtained after the screening of partial bovine cosmid libraries with the (CA)n microsatellite motif, were mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Eleven cosmid probes yielded a specific signal on one of the bovine chromosomes and identified the following loci: D5S2, D5S3, D6S3, D8S1, D11S5, D13S1, D16S5, D17S2, D19S2, D19S3, D21S8. Two cosmids produced centromeric signals on many chromosomes. The microsatellite-containing regions were subcloned and sequenced. The sequence information revealed that the two centromeric cosmids were derived from bovine satellites 1.723 and 1.709, respectively. A cosmid located in the subtelomeric region of Chromosome (Chr) 17 (D17S2) had features of a chromosome-specific satellite. Primers were designed for eight of the nonsatellite cosmids, and seven of these microsatellites were polymorphic with between three and eight alleles on a set of outbred reference families. The polymorphic and chromosomally mapped loci can now be used to physically anchor other bovine polymorphic markers by linkage analysis. The microsatellite primers were also applied to DNA samples of a previously characterized panel of somatic hybrid cell lines, allowing the assignment of seven microsatellite loci to defined syntenic groups. These assignments confirmed earlier mapping results, revealed a probable case of false synteny, and placed two formerly unassigned syntenic groups on specific chromosomes.
Animals↗
Isolation, sequencing, and expression analysis of a bovine apolipoprotein E (APOE) cDNA and chromosomal localization of the APOE locus.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Ratification of broiler carcase condemnations in poultry meat inspection.
1. In the years 1985 to 1989 decisions (approvals and condemnations) made by poultry meat inspectors were examined by the individual reinspection of 26,815 broiler carcases. 2. The extent of agreement between inspection and revision ranged between 83.2 and 86.2%. 3. Agreement between inspectors and revisors was higher for the category of approved birds than for the condemned category. 4. Differences in the criteria used to assess the birds were observed. 5. The conclusion was drawn that findings in meat inspection require further discussion to reach an agreed standard.
Animals↗
Mapping the bovine genome: methodological aspects and strategy.
The mapping of genes that control traits of economic importance will ultimately lead to the unravelling of the molecular basis of genetic variation. The main prerequisite for mapping of the unknown genes is a sufficient number of highly polymorphic marker loci which are evenly distributed along the chromosomes. The establishment of such a marker map in cattle and other species is based on methods used in human gene mapping. Comparative mapping facilitates saturation of the chromosomes with markers by utilizing the high degree of conservation of synteny among mammalian species. Comparative mapping will also allow access to the detailed mapping data and to extensive sequence information expected from the human genome initiative.
Animals↗
Isolation and mapping of polymorphic microsatellites in cattle.
A partial plasmid library with bovine genomic inserts of about 500 basepairs was screened with a (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n oligonucleotide probe for the repeated nucleotide motif (CA)n. Eleven positive clones (0.3% of all colonies screened) were discovered and were subsequently isolated and sequenced. Eight microsatellite loci were analysed, one with eight alleles, one with seven alleles, three with six alleles, one with three alleles and two with two alleles. Six of these microsatellites were mapped by PCR-analysis of a panel of somatic hybrid lines.
Alleles↗
The sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene is mapped to p12-p13 of the Y chromosome in pig (Sus scrofa domestica) by in situ hybridization.
The sex-determining region Y is a gene located in the distal portion of the short arm of human (SRY) and mouse (Sry) Y chromosomes and considered to be the best candidate for the testis determining factor (TDF/Tdy). The gene is believed to be the key factor in sex differentiation in mammals and is conserved across mammalian species. We report herein that the SRY/Sry gene has been assigned to p12-p13 on the short arm of the Y chromosome in pig by in situ hybridization. The result confirms interspecies conservation of this chromosomal segment in the evolution of mammalian chromosomes, and suggests further use of this gene probe in genomic studies in another mammals. The assignment of the Sry gene is the second physical gene mapping data available for the Y chromosome in pigs. Such data can be used in the effort of constructing the pig gene map and for further establishment of a comparison of sex chromosome morphology in different mammalian species concerning sex-specific and pseudoautosomal regions.
Animals↗
A polymorphic microsatellite at the RYR1 locus in swine.
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Animals↗
A balanced autosomal reciprocal translocation in an azoospermic bull.
This appears to be the first reported case of a bull with a balanced autosomal reciprocal translocation associated with azoospermia. The analysis includes somatic chromosome banding, conventional meiotic analysis, and electron microscopy of synaptonemal complexes (SCs). The karyotype of the bull was found to be 60,XY,rcp(8;13)(q11;q24). Electron microscopy of SCs in microspread pachytene spermatocytes revealed a high incidence of terminal asynapsis of the smallest arm of the quadrivalent. Most quadrivalents with such asynapsis and few with nonhomologous synapsis showed associations with the XY sex bivalent, leading to complete meiotic arrest at late pachynema. Except for one diakinetic cell, no diplotene and subsequent stages were encountered in air-dried meiotic preparations. The presence of degenerating primary spermatocytes in SC preparations, as well as in testicular sections, and the absence of spermatozoa in ejaculates confirm the chromosomally derived male sterility of the bull. X-chromosome reactivation, evidenced by the cytomorphological reversal of associated sex bivalents, appeared to be the initial step in the degeneration of spermatocytes. Consequently, the formation of a separate, fully developed XY body, which was previously demonstrated on the periphery of spermatocyte nuclei in fertile bulls, could not be attained in this case. Extensive end-to-end association of autosomal bivalents in meiotically arrested, as well as degenerating, spermatocytes was a consistent and unique observation of this study. Such associations may lead to enhanced reactivation of the X chromosome.
Animals↗
RASA contains a polymorphic microsatellite and maps to bovine syntenic group U22 on chromosome 7q2.4-qter.
The bovine gene for the p21ras protein activator (RASA) includes in its 5' untranslated region a (TG)n repeat. Analysis of this (TG)n repeat by PCR amplification of genomic DNA revealed a four-allele polymorphism. A cDNA probe was used to assign RASA to the region 2.4-qter of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 7 by in situ hybridization. PCR analysis of a panel of somatic hybrid lines allowed the assignment of RASA to the unassigned syntenic group 22 (U22) and thus localizes U22 on Chr 7.
Animals↗