Biomedical subjects

R Forehand

Publications and source records attributed to R Forehand.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Interparental conflict and relations with parents as predictors of young adult functioning.

Interparental conflict is a known risk factor for child adjustment problems; yet few studies have examined its long-term effects. This study tests the following hypotheses: Interparental conflict has both longitudinal and concurrent influences on the functioning of young adult children, and the relationship between young adults and their parents mediates these influences. We assessed a community sample (N = 243) of families when the target child was in early to middle adolescence. We then reassessed them 6 years later during young adulthood. The links of interparental conflict measured at the two time points to young adults' general psychopathology and antisocial behavior were examined using multiple regression analyses. The quality of the relationship between young adults and each parent was added to each equation as a potential mediating variable. Results showed that concurrent, but not earlier, interparental conflict predicted males' antisocial behavior. No support was found for the mediational model, but support was found for an alternate model positing direct effects for interparental conflict and the parent-young adult relationship on young adult functioning. For females and males, problematic relationships with mothers and father predicted greater general psychopathology, while problems in paternal relationships predicted higher levels of antisocial behavior only for females.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

Is adolescent adjustment following parental divorce a function of predivorce adjustment?

This study examined whether adolescent adjustment problems which previously have been attributed to parental divorce exist prior to the divorce. Three groups (to-be-divorced, remain intact, and already divorced) were examined across four domains of adolescent functioning reported by multiple informants. The results indicated that adolescents from the to-be-divorced group functioned similarly to those who would remain in intact families but better than those in the already divorced group, suggesting that differences can be attributed to parental divorce and its accompanying disruption of family processes. Two of these processes, interparental conflict and parenting, were examined and failed to receive support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

The role of family processes and coping strategies in the relationship between parental chronic illness and childhood internalizing problems.

Sixty-nine families (father, mother, and one child) in which the father had hemophilia, approximately half of whom were HIV positive, were assessed in an examination of the relationship between parental chronic illness, family functioning, child coping strategies, and child adjustment. Latent variable path analyses with partial least-squares estimation procedures (PLS) were used to test a model of the relationship between parental chronic illness, family process variables, child coping strategies, and child internalizing behavior problems. The severity of the father's illness predicted family process variables, which predicted the coping style of the child. The use of more avoidant coping strategies was associated with more internalizing problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

Role of parenting in adolescent deviant behavior: replication across and within two ethnic groups.

The role of 2 parenting variables, monitoring and communication, in adolescent deviant behavior was examined within 4 samples; Black Americans living in Montgomery, Alabama, and the Bronx, New York, and Hispanics living in the Bronx, New York, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. The participants comprised 907 14- to 16-year-old adolescents and their mothers recruited through high schools in 3 communities. The results indicated that higher levels of parental monitoring, but not parent--adolescent communication, predicted lower levels of adolescent deviance in each of the samples. The replication of these findings in samples that vary by ethnicity and location provides strong support for the generalizability of the association between parental monitoring and low levels of adolescent deviant behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Hemophilia and AIDS in married men: functioning of family members. Hemophilia PAC Project.

Aspects of functioning in families of 137 hemophilic men who, in 50% of cases, were also HIV seropositive were examined in terms of psychological and physical functioning and economic pressure. Results indicated that HIV-seropositive status, but not severity of hemophilia, was associated with poorer psychological and physical functioning of the husband, a poorer mother-child relationship, less support from outside the family for both spouses, and greater economic pressure on the family.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1997

Family members' uncertainty about parental chronic illness: the relationship of hemophilia and HIV infection to child functioning.

Examined the relationships among parental and child uncertainty about fathers' illnesses and child internalizing problems. Participants included 65 families in which the father had hemophilia, approximately one half of the fathers also were HIV infected. Within each family, respondents included the father, the mother and one child. Outcome variables included both self- and parent-reported child internalizing behaviors. Results indicated that family members' illness uncertainty was intercorrelated, that child uncertainty about the father's illness predicted both anxiety and depressive symptoms in the child, and that mother's uncertainty predicted child-reported anxiety beyond the child's uncertainty.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

The role of parental and extrafamilial social support in the psychosocial adjustment of children with a chronically ill father.

The relationships among illness stress, perceived support, and child psychosocial adjustment were examined for children living with a chronically ill father. Participants included fathers, mothers, and one child from 53 families in which the father had hemophilia and, in some cases, was HIV seropositive. Objective indicators of severity of illness and subjective measures of the physical and psychological impact of illness were used as sources of children's stress. Results indicated that the impact of illness, but not the severity of illness itself, related to child psychosocial adjustment. Main effects were observed for parental support on child- and parent-reported internalizing problems and stress-buffering effects were obtained for parental support and extrafamilial support on parent-reported internalizing problems. Parental support also demonstrated a stress-buffering effect for child-reported depression. Assessment and intervention implications for behavioral clinicians and researchers are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

Delinquency during the transition to early adulthood: family and parenting predictors from early adolescence.

This longitudinal study examines the prediction of delinquency in early adulthood by family variables and one type of maternal parenting skill during early adolescence. In 132 Caucasian families, family variables (marital status, interparental conflict, mother-adolescent relationship, and maternal depressive mood) and maternal communication/problem-solving skills were assessed through self-report measures and behavioral observations during subjects' early adolescence. Outcome measures (minor and severe delinquency, arrests/convictions) were assessed six years later during early adulthood. Regression analyses revealed relationships between the predictors and severe delinquency and arrests/convictions, but not minor delinquency. The interaction of low levels of maternal communication/problem-solving skills and negative family variables (i.e., high maternal depressive mood) was associated with higher rates of delinquency, whereas the interaction of higher levels of such maternal skills and positive family variables was associated with lower rates of delinquency.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Cascading toward divorce: the roles of marital and child factors.

This longitudinal study examined the role of marital and child factors in predicting divorce potential and actual divorce occurrence. Participants included 140 young adolescents (73 girls, 67 boys; mean age = 13 years 2 months) and their parents. Child-related (number of children in the family, the presence of a male child in the family, and the adolescent's level of anxiety-withdrawal and conduct disorder problems) and intramarital (marital satisfaction and, for some analyses, divorce potential) factors served as predictors. For both wife and husband data, lower levels of marital satisfaction predicted higher current levels of divorce potential, and, in turn, divorce potential predicted greater likelihood for divorce up to 7 years later. No child-related variables predicted divorce potential or divorce occurrence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Predicting recidivism in juvenile delinquents: the role of mental health diagnoses and the qualification of conclusions by race.

Seventy-five male youths were evaluated while incarcerated in a juvenile facility in the state of Georgia. Twenty-one to 32 months following discharge, criminal files were examined for records of reincarceration. The recidivism rate was approximately one-third of the initial sample. Crime-related and mental health variables were entered into discriminant function analyses to determine models for predicting recidivism. For the total sample, earlier age at first arrest and higher severity of crime significantly discriminated recidivists from nonrecidivists. Presence of a substance abuse disorder appeared to be a positive prognostic indicator for nonrecidivism. Subsequently, separate sets of analyses were conducted by race, showing clearly that the results were qualified by race, and that differential processes may be operating for African-American vs Caucasian youth when considering recidivism.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Predicting alcohol and drug use in early adulthood: the role of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in early adolescence.

Unique and interactive internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescence were examined in relationship to drug and alcohol use in young adulthood. Results indicated that higher externalizing scores in adolescence predicted more alcohol use in young adulthood for both males and females and also predicted more marijuana and hard drug use for males. Lower internalizing scores were found to predict more marijuana and hard drug use in young adulthood for boys, but not for girls.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Change in maternal depressive mood: unique contributions to adolescent functioning over time.

There is substantial evidence of the relationship between maternal depressive mood and problematic child functioning. The vast majority of studies in this area concentrate on cross-sectional designs and depressive mood at one point in time. In contrast to the existing literature, the goal of this study was to investigate the relation of change in maternal depressed mood across time and adolescent functioning, including the possible moderating effects of gender of the adolescent and the marital status of parents. Regression analyses indicated that increased depressed mood across one year predicted teacher report of higher levels of externalizing and internalizing problems and lower levels of social competence, above that which could be predicted from the initial assessment of depressed mood. With one exception, neither gender nor parental marital status qualified the findings. The results suggest that static levels of maternal depressive mood are not sufficient for forecasting adolescent functioning. Future research needs also to consider change in such mood.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1994

Adolescent depressed mood and young adult functioning: a longitudinal study.

The present study examined two aspects of depressed mood in adolescence: (1) stability across the adolescent years and (2) ability to predict functioning in young adulthood. Participants included 82 Caucasian individuals (46 females and 36 males) who were assessed one time per year for 4 consecutive years during adolescence (mean age at initial assessment = 13.5 years) and again during young adulthood (mean age = 19). The results indicated that depressed mood, as measured by the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), remained relatively stable across at least 3 consecutive years of data collection during adolescence. In addition, adolescent CDI scores predicted young adult functioning in each of four areas: prosocial competence, self-esteem, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1994

Does parent training with young noncompliant children have long-term effects?

The current study was a long-term follow-up (approx. 14 yr following treatment) of 26 late adolescents/young adults (17 yr and older) who had participated in parent training with their mothers when they were young (2-7 yr old) noncompliant children. Parent training, consisting of teaching mothers to use attends and rewards for appropriate behavior, clear commands and time-out, had reduced deviant behavior and increased compliance immediately following treatment. At this follow-up, these individuals were compared to a matched community sample on various measures of delinquency, emotional adjustment, academic progress and relationship with parents. No differences emerged between the two groups on any of the measures, suggesting that noncompliant children who participated in parent training during their early years are functioning as well as nonclinic individuals as they move into adulthood.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Maternal depressive mood: the role of the father in preventing adolescent problem behaviors.

The current study examines the role of the father-adolescent relationship as a buffer for maternal depressive mood in a nonclinic young adolescent sample (n = 282). Internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as grade point average, were examined. Results indicated that, for all three variables, maternal depressive mood was associated with poorer functioning. Of most importance, for internalizing and externalizing problems, a good father-adolescent relationship served to buffer the adolescent from maternal depressed mood. This effect existed regardless of the gender of the adolescent or parental marital status. The findings suggest that behavior problems are associated with even mild levels of one family stressor, maternal depressive mood, and that these problems can be counteracted through an intrafamilial support system--the father. Implications for the behavior therapist are considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Introduction to special section: the role of longitudinal data with child psychopathology and treatment: preliminary comments and issues.

Longitudinal data can play an important role in child psychopathology and treatment. This article introduces a review of some of the research questions that longitudinal designs can answer and how longitudinal studies have been used in evaluating traditional syndromes in child clinical psychology. We then introduce the articles in this special section.

Child Behavior Disorders↗

PubMed1993

Prospective associations among family form, family processes, and adolescents' alcohol and drug use.

The present study was designed to disentangle and define the unique contributions of family form and family processes to substance use and association with deviant peers among adolescents. Eighty adolescents and their mothers participated in the study; half were from divorced single-parent families and half were from families in which the parents were still married. Maternal assessments of interparental conflict and the quality of the mother-adolescent relationship were used to prospectively forecast adolescent reports of substance use and affiliation with deviant peers one year later. The results revealed that mother-adolescent conflict predicted adolescent alcohol use, and maternal acceptance-rejection predicted both drug use and affiliation with deviant peers. These findings support the hypothesis that family processes rather than family form forecast adolescents' substance use and deviant peer affiliation. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

The role of paternal variables in divorced and married families: predictability of adolescent adjustment.

The predictability of adolescent adjustment, based on teacher reports, in divorced and married families was examined in relationship to four variables: paternal mood, spouse-ex-spouse relationship, father-adolescent relationship, and parental visitation. Analyses indicated that the father-adolescent relationship was predictive of adolescent functioning in divorced families, and the spousal relationship and paternal mood were similarly predictive in married families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗