Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Fontanges.
An intranasal immunization with a A/PR8/34-isolated NA, protected mice as well as the whole virus and A/Hong Kong/1/68 virus against a subsequent infection with mice-adaptated A/PR8/34 strain.
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Sera and bronchial washings from normal mice and from mice previously infected with influenza virus were analyzed for their concentration of four immunoglobulin (Ig) classes by the method of single radial immunodiffusion and for their content of specific antibody of these Ig classes by the immunofluorescent method. IgA were not detected in bronchial washings from normal mice. The IgA/IgG ratio was not higher than 0.33 in infected mice. The IgA level increased briefly in infected bronchial washings, but the levels of IgG2 and particularly of IgG1 exhibited a longer and higher increase. The maximal increase of these three Ig classes occurred by the seventh day and might have derived from transsudated serum. IgM was not identified in normal bronchial washings, but immunofluorescence detected IgM in infected washings, which also showed specific antibody in each of the four Ig classes. IgG2 and IgM contained antibody in greatest, IgA in lower concentration. Our results indicate that the most part of bronchial antibody was produced locally, since the ratio of Ig concentration to antibody titre of each Ig class was consistently higher for bronchial washings than for sera. An anamnestic secretory antibody response could not be demonstrated in bronchial washings.
The authors have studied the mice immunoglobulins level after vaccination by oral route with a killed-pathogenic strain of Salmonella typhimurium and an avirulent mutant of the same bacteria. The obtained results show an increase of the intestinal IgA and IgG1 levels and a slighter one of sera IgG between the 10 th and 30 th day following immunization. No correlation was observed concerning the IgM, IgG and IgA levels and the mice protection against a challenge of pathogenic bacteria.
An association of bacterial ribosomes and cell-wall of Klebsiella pneumoniae was shown to reduce the incidence of an epidermoid carcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats when administered subcutaneously prior the tumoral graft. Mononuclear cells accumulate around the tumor. This association was considered as a non specific adjuvant stimulating the host's intrinsic immunity to tumor antigens.
A new process in taxinomic analysis clearly confirmed the presence of three different types of cells (epithelial, hypertrophic and mesenchymal) in the reticular zone of the thymus. The injection of hydrocortisol as well as adrenalectomy induced specific changes in nuclear surfaces of three cell types, while hydrocortisol tented to increase the surface of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, adrenalectomy reduced it, while a modification was seen in the percentages relative of the cell types. In adrenalectomized animals, the effect result was counteracted by injections of hydrocortisol.
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As part of a general study of the biological activity of atmospheric micro constituants, we have perfected the methods for the rapid determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The method involves the use of two selective collectors, a high output rotatory freeze-drier, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. A pollution map has been prepared of the Lyons areas showing the atmospheric concentrations of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their variation with weather and sampling point.
Squamous and "adenomatous" metaplastic changes which developed in the lungs of mice during the healing phase of experimental influenza were studied by histology and electron microscopy. The squamous nests contained epithelial cells possessing bundles of tonfibrils and being similar to bronchial basal cells. The "adenomatous" cavities were lined, either by cells related to Clara cells or by basal type-cells, which underlined cells related to Clara cells. A local and transitory hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes occurred by the third week. Both kinds of metaplasia seemed to proceed from the bronchial or bronchiolar epithelium. The adenomatous cavities might partly result from progressive differentiation of squamous epithelial cells into cells of glandular type. A ten-month long histologic survey failed to exhibit carcinomatous transformation of metaplasia. Pleiomorphism of influenza regenerative metaplasia might arise from extensive and severe epithelial changes involving all levels of the lower respiratory tract. Such a long persistence of metaplastic changes remains unexplained.
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In an attempt to determine the best method of immunizing mice by oral route against Salmonella typhimurium, the animals were vaccinated by means of a killed-pathogenic strain, an avirulent mutant of the same bacteria, and a protective antigen removed from the supernatant culture of this mutant. After changing doses of vaccines and the interval between vaccination and challenge, the results obtained show the superiority of the live vaccine and protective antigen with regard to the killed one. Under our experimental conditions enteral vaccination appears to be more effective than the parenteral one.
A new technic or immunization against Newcastle disease in chicken was developed: this method consists of dispersing lyophilized products by aerosols. One to fourteen day old chickens, with and without parental antibodies, were vaccinated with increasing amounts (10(-1) to 10(5)EID50) of HB1 and LaSota attenuated viruses. 10(4)EID50, inhaled theoretical dose, gave better results when the animals were challenged with the virulent strain. Under laboratory conditions, no respiratory problems occurred in vaccinated animals; but there is 10 to 20% mortality among animals treated by aerosols in poultry houses, because of respiratory diseases developed after vaccination.
Day-old chickens with Newcastle disease maternal antibodies are separated in two batches. One batch (S) is vaccinated by liquid spray method with HB1 strain: the other one (NS) is not vaccinated. At 2, 3 or 4 weeks subgroups from S and NS batches are vaccinated with HB1 strain by dry aerosol method. Serological controls reveal an important increase of Newcastle antibodies within two weeks after dry aerosol vaccination. Then a drop of the antibody quantities is observed during weeks 2 to 4 post dry aerosol vaccination. In the following weeks, the antibody level increases very slowly.
We studied the effect of neuraminidase injection in rat's tumor at different doses: 5,10,50,100, 500 U and we concluded that: There was no difference between the rats treated with 5,10,50 U and the controls. The y died 3 weeks after the injection. But the rats treated by 100 at 500 U of NA died quickley, in the week, of long metastases.
Two thymus extracts were isolated and partially purified on a Sephadex column. They showed a a molecular weight of 3000 and 12000 respectively. These extracts participate in the protection of the mouse when it has been infected with Yersinia pestis.
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