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Biomedical subjects

R Folberg

Publications and source records attributed to R Folberg.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of intraocular cancer. Cytologic-histologic correlations.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy was used as an investigational procedure in the evaluation of 71 eyes harboring a suspected intraocular malignancy between January 8, 1981, and January 21, 1983. Twenty-seven of these 71 biopsies were performed prior to any treatment as a diagnostic procedure and the others were performed following enucleation or tumor excision to provide specimens for cytologic-histologic correlation. The histologic findings confirmed the cytologic diagnosis of malignancy or benignancy in 94.3% of the 53 cases in which a corresponding tissue specimen was available for histologic evaluation. None of the eight eyes with a cytologically confirmed diagnosis of malignancy that were managed conservatively following the biopsy has experienced visual loss attributable to the biopsy. There have been no instances of documented needle tract seeding by tumor cells or orbital tumor recurrence to date in the 27 cases in which diagnostic fine needle aspiration biopsy had been performed prior to treatment.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1985

Tissue distribution and biochemical properties of an ocular melanoma-associated antigen.

A screening method is described to select monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that bind to ocular melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs) retained in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Small sections of epithelioid or spindle-cell-type uveal melanomas were cut into 2 mm cubes and reembedded in one block. Microslides were cut from this block and used to screen hybridoma supernatant fluid. Using this screening method, three MAbs were selected from two separate fusions of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized previously with either ocular melanoma cells obtained fresh at enucleation or cells of a cutaneous melanoma cell line. Although all three MAbs showed similar specificities, MAb8-1H showed the strongest immunohistochemical reaction and was studied further in detail. MAb8-1H bound to 91% (71/79) of the choroidal or ciliochoroidal melanomas tested, indicating a high prevalence of this antigen in uveal melanomas. The antigen defined by MAb8-1H was isolated, purified, and partially characterized as a 40,000-50,000 dalton, highly glycosylated protein rich in glycine, serine, and glutamic acid, as is typical of a mucin-type glycoprotein.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Electron spin resonance and high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of melanin in posterior choroidal melanomas.

Electron spin resonance (ESR) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) were utilized to characterize the physical and biochemical characteristics of melanin in choroidal melanoma. ESR free radical signals indicative of eumelanin could be elicited from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Zinc ions (50 mM) increased the number of melanin-free radicals resulting in greater ESR sensitivity. Pyrole 2,3,6 tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and amino hydroxy phenylalanine (AHP) were identified by HPLC after permanganate oxidation and hydroiodic acid hydrolysis, respectively, of a choroidal melanoma obtained at enucleation. The results indicate eumelanin is the primary melanin type in posterior choroidal melanomas. The feasibility of these techniques in the detection of metastatic disease from ocular melanomas is discussed.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Painful bullous keratopathy following pediatric cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation.

A child with a history of a monocular congenital cataract, cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation at age three developed pseudophakic bullous keratopathy which persisted following intraocular lens removal and vitrectomy two years later. At age nine she presented to the Cornea Service at Wills Eye Hospital with painful bullous keratopathy and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty and anterior vitrectomy. The case is presented to bring attention to potential long-term corneal complications of pediatric cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of direct and microslide pathology measurements of uveal melanomas.

Many investigators have shown that large cilio-choroidal melanomas are more likely to be associated with an unfavorable outcome than small tumors by using data retrieved and measured from pathology files. In the past, the measurement of largest tumor dimension (LTD) may not have been recorded at the time of the gross examination, because the significance of this observation was not appreciated. If this information is not available, authors can eliminate cases from their studies, take all their measurements directly from glass microslides, or combine clinical estimates of tumor size for some cases with gross measurements for others. To date, there has been no formal study to compare the measurement of tumor dimensions from glass microslides with measurements made at the time of gross examination by the pathologist. This study of 112 cilio-choroidal melanomas reveals that measurements of the LTD made from the glass microslide correlate with direct measurements taken from the cut surface of the globe at the time of sectioning. Additionally, measurements of the LTD from the glass microslide are at least as effective in predicting patient outcome as direct measurements. These findings suggest that measurements of the LTD from the glass microslide provide as much prognostic information as direct measurements if it is known that the eye was cut to obtain representative sections of the tumor.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Conjunctival melanosis and melanoma.

A clinicopathologic study of 41 cases of primary acquired melanosis has provided information concerning the rate of progression to melanoma and has provided histologic parameters useful in predicting which lesions are likely to progress to malignant melanoma. A clinicopathologic study of 131 conjunctival melanomas has provided information concerning the clinical and histologic parameters associated with a fatal outcome. Highlights of these two studies are presented together with implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1984

5-fluorouracil and glaucoma filtering surgery: I. An animal model.

Failure of a glaucoma filtering procedure commonly results from scarring at the surgical site. Fibroblasts play an important role in the scarring process. 5-fluorouracil is an antimetabolite capable of inhibiting fibroblast proliferation. We tested the ability of 5-fluorouracil to inhibit cicatrization at the filtering site in an experimental model. Posterior lip sclerectomies were performed in each eye of ten normal owl monkeys. Postoperatively, one eye of each animal received subconjunctival injections of fluorouracil and the fellow eye received saline injections in a randomized, masked fashion. Two animals died of undetermined causes. None of the control eyes developed blebs, but six of the eight treated eyes in surviving animals developed blebs. The difference between intraocular pressures in fluorouracil-treated and control eyes was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Signs of ocular toxicity included persistent corneal epithelial defects and delayed healing of the conjunctival incision. These results are considerably more favorable than those previously reported with experimental filtering procedures in non-human primates. Pharmacologic modulation of wound healing may decrease the risk of failure of filtering operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Human retinal S-antigen. Isolation, purification, and characterization.

S-antigen, a highly pathogenic agent for the inducation of experimental autoimmune uveitis ( EAU ), was obtained in a pure state from human retina by conventional salt fractionation, molecular sieve and ion exchange chromatography. The physical and chemical properties of the purified protein including the molecular weight, isoelectric point and amino acid composition were determined. The physical properties of the purified human retinal S-antigen were similar, but not identical, to those previously reported for bovine retinal S-antigen (J Immunol 119:1949, 1977). Following the injection of 50 micrograms of human retinal S-antigen into the footpads of guinea pigs, EAU was documented both clinically and histopathologically. The relationship between S-antigen, uveitis, and the pineal gland is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Orbital leiomyosarcoma after radiation therapy for bilateral retinoblastoma.

Leiomyosarcoma rarely occurs in the orbit and is seldom encountered as a postirradiation sarcoma in any anatomic location. Three patients with bilateral retinoblastoma who had received radiation therapy are known to have orbital leiomyosarcoma develop in their third decade of life. The clinical and pathological data pertaining to two of these patients are given and discussed herein.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) of the orbit.

The endodermal sinus tumor is a malignant germ cell neoplasm that usually arises in gonads, but on rare occasion occurs in extragonadal locations. Five tumors of the orbit, which by light microscopy displayed features characteristic of gonadal endodermal sinus tumor, were tested for the presence of alpha fetoprotein using paraffin-embedded tissue and an immunoperoxidase technique. Each tumor contained intracytoplasmic alpha fetoprotein. Review of the clinical histories revealed that orbital endodermal sinus tumors differ from other extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in that they occur at a younger age and when treated aggressively can result in long-term survival. In children with rapidly progressive proptosis the distinction between endodermal sinus tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma poses diagnostic difficulties for both the clinician and the pathologist. When considering the diagnosis of endodermal sinus tumor, the use of immunohistochemical testing for alpha fetoprotein can be helpful.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Subretinal cellular bands.

Subretinal cellular proliferation manifests itself in such a way that, with newer techniques in microsurgery, this previously often untreatable condition can be managed. Study of the ultrastructural components of the band suggests that it originates from pigment epithelium.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Filtering valve implant for neovascular glaucoma in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

The prevention and treatment of neovascular glaucoma in diabetic patients presents a difficult clinical challenge. This report presents the pathologic findings in a juvenile onset diabetic patient who underwent panretinal photocoagulation. She subsequently developed neovascular glaucoma, was treated with the the Krupin-Denver valve implant, and received cyclocryotherapy after the filtering surgery failed to maintain a normal intraocular pressure. The pathologic findings resulting from each treatment modality are presented with emphasis on the failed intraocular valve. A fibrous ingrowth surrounded the valve, and a foreign body granulomatous response was present.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Subretinal fluid examination of LDH, PGI, and CEA in a case of metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma of the choroid.

A 58-year-old white male with a history of bronchogenic carcinoma presented with a total retinal detachment overlying a choroidal metastasis. His main tumor burden had been extirpated by pneumonectomy followed by radiation therapy four months prior to admission. With the development of a painful, glaucomatous eye, unresponsive to conventional therapy, enucleation was performed. Histologic examination of the enucleated globe revealed a metastatic tumor to the choroid, consistent with primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Aqueous humor and plasma examination revealed elevated ratios (Aqueous humor:Plasma) of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). Furthermore, subretinal fluid examination demonstrated concentrations of LDH and PGI higher than aqueous humor. While the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the plasma was normal (less than 2.5 ng/ml) following pneumonectomy, it was 121 ng/ml in the subretinal fluid. This would suggest that a choroidal lesion alone, in the absence of a clinically detectable primary tumor, is insufficient to elevate the plasma CEA.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of microcirculation architecture with ultrasound backscatter parameters of uveal melanoma.

Ultrasound tissue characterization parameters of size and acoustic concentration can be used to sub-classify uveal melanoma and estimate the patient's risk of death. Histologically determined microcirculation patterns have also been found to sub-classify uveal melanoma and predict patient's risk of death. This study examines the spatial relationship between tumor features detected by the two techniques. Three dimensional ultrasound images that depict the size and relative concentration of scattering elements in uveal melanoma within a range of approximately 50-120 microns were compared with PAS (without hematoxylin) stained histological sections graded and localized according to tumor microvascular patterns. Both ultrasound parameter imaging and histopathology were accomplished by workers masked to the other procedure. In three of five patients vascular networks were identified histopathologically. The predominant ultrasound feature seen in the regions of the histologically identified networks were clusters of scatterers in the range of approximately 50-80 microns. In the two cases without a network vascular pattern, lower range scatterers dominated the tumor volume. All the cases could be distinguished by the size and distribution of contiguous spatial clusters of acoustic scatterers. Scatterer size features detected in three dimensional ultrasound parameter images can identify tumor regions containing a specific microvascular pattern. Ultrasound tissue characterization features used to sub-classify uveal melanoma may have a biophysical basis related to patterns of tumor microcirculation.

Blood Vessels↗