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Biomedical subjects

R Fog

Publications and source records attributed to R Fog.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Tolerability and therapeutic effect of clozapine. A retrospective investigation of 216 patients treated with clozapine for up to 12 years.

Two hundred and sixteen psychiatric patients (183 men and 33 women) hospitalized in Sct. Hans Hospital were treated with clozapine between 1971-1983. All had been treated previously with one or more neuroleptic(s) and had either failed to respond adequately, or their response was limited by side effects. Eighty-five patients were treated exclusively with clozapine, while the remaining 131 received additional medication, mainly other neuroleptic drugs. The mean clozapine dosage was 317 mg/day (range 50-1200), and the mean duration of treatment was 23/4 years (range 1/12-12). The tolerability to clozapine was determined by an evaluation of haematological changes, pronounced side effects and mortality. One patient treated with clozapine (8 months) and nitrofurantoin (8 days) developed a reversible granulocytopenia. One patient (treated with a combination of drugs) had clinically insignificant depression of the leucocytes and three of segmented granulocytes. Seven had a reduction in thrombocytes. Two patients developed cardiac insufficiency, and four epileptic seizures. None of the patients treated exclusively with clozapine developed neurological side effects. A global estimation of therapeutic effect revealed that clozapine alone or in combination with other neuroleptic drugs was significantly better than previous antipsychotic therapy, although 47-63% of the patients showed no change. It is concluded that clozapine is a potent antipsychotic drug offering particular advantages in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with a pronounced symptomatology and tendency towards developing extrapyramidal side effects. Caution is advised in patients with cardiac insufficiency and epilepsy. There appears to be a slight risk of granulocytopenia, and therefore the present monitoring of WBC should continue in order to prevent this reaction and to obtain more complete information regarding risk of granulocytopenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Mitotic activity in the mouse brain after cortical and striatal lesions.

Following a stab wound in the brain, mice were injected with 3H-thymidine intravenously 15 min before sacrifice. In a first series, the cells in the synthesis phase (S-cells) in the stab canal, in the adjacent areas and in the rest of the section were counted. The animals were sacrificed from 15 min to 3 days after the stab wound. An increased number of S-cells in all 3 regions was found after 2 days. 24 hr later the number of S-cells was back to normal. In another series, a guide cannula was fixed to the skull resulting in a small superficial lesion of the cortex. 2 days later a stab wound in the hemisphere was made through the guide cannula using the above-mentioned technique. The animals were injected with 3H-thymidine as above and sacrificed from 30 min to 6 days after the stab wound. In this series an increased number of S-cells was found in the whole brain 1/2 hr after the last lesion and an increased number of S-cells was found throughout the whole investigation period. The reason for this general induction is not known. In animals without a stab wound, no induction was found outside the cortical lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Age-related changes in 3H-uridine uptake in the mouse.

The uptake of a nucleic acid precursor as related to age was studied in mice. Newborn, young (3-month-old) and old (18 to 24-months-old) mice were given 3H-uridine orally through a plastic tube and sacrificed 4 and 21 hours later. Uptake was studied autoradiographically in nerve cells of the fifth layer of parietal cortex, the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, the hepatocytes of the liver and the epithelium of the small intestine. While uptake decreased in all tissues with age, this was significant only after 4 hours. This decrease indicates that impaired nucleic acid metabolism may be related to aging.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Theoretical and clinical aspects of the Tourette syndrome (chronic multiple tic).

In three schizophrenic patients long-term neuroleptic treatment induced Tourette-like symptoms. There seems to be a partial overlap in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome and tardive dyskinesia. In five Tourette patients treatment with pimozide was very effective inducing only few side-effects. Long-term neuroleptic treatment may, however, aggravate the symptoms in the long run. A combination treatment with tetrabenazine and pimozide is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clozapine treatment of schizophrenic patients. Plasma concentration and coagulation factors.

Eleven male, chronic schizophrenic, hospitalized patients, treated with a constant dose of clozapine (range 200-600 mg daily) as their only neuroleptic medication were studied for a long period of time (minimum 12 weeks). Wide variations in the plasma concentration of clozapine were found in different patients who received the same oral dose, as well as great changes from week to week in the individual patient given a constant dose. The plasma levels of clozapine appeared to have no correlation with either the clinical effect or the side effects. No differences with regard to coagulation factors were found between the patients and the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

High-dose treatment of rats with perphenazine enanthate.

Previously we demonstrated an approximately 20% loss of nerve cells in the basal ganglia of rats following treatment with perphenazine enanthate 3.4 mg/kg s.c. every 2nd week during 12 months. If the treatment period was only 2 or 3 months no significant differences were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Extrapyramidal reactions and amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid during haloperidol and clozapine treatment of schizophrenic patients.

8 male schizophrenic patients participated in a double-blind, cross over study of the extrapyramidal side-effects of haloperidol and clozapine (acute dystonis, Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia), together with their effect on homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Haloperidol (9 mg/day) caused Parkinsonism, reduced tardive dyskinesias and increased the HVA concentration in the CSF. Clozapine (225 mg/day) had no effect on the neurological phenomena but reduced HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations in the CSF. During the discontinuation phase following the administration of haloperidol, tardive dyskinesia occurred or was aggravated; this did not occur after administration of clozapine. Accordingly, it is suggested that clozapine does not induce dopaminergic hypersensibility and, therefore, will not induce tardive dyskinesias.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Neuroleptic action of clozapine injected into various brain areas in rats.

Bilateral microinjections of clozapine into the corpus striatum of rats antagonize amphetamine-induced stereotypy, and develops catalepsy. These two neuroleptic effects are not seen after subcutaneous or oral administration of clozapine. The effects were a little weaker than those seen after chlorpromazine. No neuroleptic effects were observed, when placebo was injected intrastriatally, nor when clozapine was injected into the hippocampus or the thalamus.

Amphetamine↗