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Biomedical subjects

R Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to R Fischer.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[T-cell kinetics and course of humoral immune response following subcutaneous immunization with tetanus toxoid fluid vaccine].

Revaccinations with tetanus toxoid fluid vaccine were performed including different groups of volunteers (aged, diabetics, rheumatics). The kinetics of T-cells were demonstrated by rosette technique in a period of 63 days after revaccination. The content of tetanus antitoxin was estimated by the mouse standard neutralization test. T-cell kinetics were different in the investigated groups, probably influenced by age, illness, therapy etc. Only those patients among the aged who were in bad health showed a relatively low humoral booster reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of aminophylline and theophylline sustained-release formulations by their bioavailability and steady-state serum levels.

The absolute bioavailability of a new aminophylline sustained-release formulation (BY108) was determined. A crossover study was performed with drug intake under fasting conditions and after a standardized breakfast in order to investigate the effect of food on the absorption process. In addition, steady-state theophylline serum levels obtained after administering the new aminophylline formulation twice daily (corresponding to 386 mg anhydrous theophylline twice daily) were compared in a crossover study with those obtained from comparable doses of a commercially available theophylline sustained-release preparation (Theo-Dur, 400 mg anhydrous theophylline twice daily). Bioavailability of BY 108 was complete in reference to both the intravenous standard and Theo-Dur. The tolerance of BY 108 parallelled that of Theo-Dur and was good, considering the relatively high average dose of 10.4 mg/kg/day.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Causes and diagnostic criteria of hepatic coma--an analysis of 560 cases].

560 patients with hepatic coma were treated during the years 1958 to 1982 in Homburg and Bad Kissingen . 82 patients had an endogeneous and 478 an exogeneous hepatic coma. Endogeneous hepatic coma was caused most frequently by fulminant virus hepatitis, intoxication, and hepatorenal syndrome accompanying serum hepatitis. Exogeneous hepatic coma in patients with cirrhosis of the liver was caused in most cases by gastrointestinal bleeding, by a diet too high in protein, or by excessive diuresis. Early clinical symptoms are changes in writing tests and ability to concentrate, whereas hepatic foetor occurs in coma stage III and IV. Clinical chemistry findings pointing to imminent hepatic coma are increase of arterial ammonia in exogeneous hepatic coma, and increase of free phenols in endogeneous hepatic coma. The increase of prothrombin time is prognostic for imminent hepatic coma in both types. Prognosis of endogeneous hepatic coma is still rather bad; 87% of the patients suffering from it died; in exogeneous hepatic coma prognosis has improved for stage I and II in the last 23 years, whereas however the total prognosis for all 4 stages is still unchanged, letality being 55%.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of diet and stress on fat and carbohydrate metabolism after duodenopancreatectomy].

In 6 male patients, who had duodenopancreatectomy, oral fat respectively carbohydrate tolerance tests were performed. Intake of at least 10 g pancreatine did reduce the ensuing steatorrhea. Increased oral intake of carbohydrates led to increased levels of glucose in blood and urine. In addition, the patients were subjected to excessive exercise tests; in the course of these tests hormones, substrates and metabolites of fat and carbohydrate metabolism were measured. The values were compared to corresponding values from 6 type I diabetes patients and 7 normal persons. In the operated group lactate and free glycerol increased because of reduced hepatic glucose neogenesis, catecholamines increased little, and HGH not at all. Capacity for work was reduced in the operated group. Malassimilation and diabetes may be compensated for by drug therapy after duodenopancreatectomy. However, endocrine as well as metabolic derangements do follow duodenopancreatectomy, and ought to be taken into account preoperatively, since they may reduce the benefit of surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lectin binding properties of glycoproteins in cells of normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancers: a comparative histochemical and biochemical study.

The different binding of labeled lectins to the individual cell types of the normal mucosa indicates differences in glycoprotein composition of the: a) surface epithelial cells showing various degrees of differentiation; b) cell types lying above and below the generative cell zone; c) specific membrane systems of the parietal and chief cells. The enhanced peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding of activated, hyperplastic isthmus cells, of goblet cells in intestinal metaplasia, and even of the majority of gastric cancer cells may be indicative for their common origin and for their similar functional states in glycoprotein synthesis. Lectins demonstrate differences also in the mucus structure of the main types of gastric cancers. Adenocarcinomas show similar lectin binding patterns to activated isthmus cells, but the subtypes of signet ring cells resemble mucus neck cells or intestinal and colonic goblet cells, respectively. Glycoproteins which can be isolated by the lectins in a pure form allow further detailed studies in these fields.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1983

Prognostic significance of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen in stomach and colorectal cancer.

Prognostic parameters of patients with stomach and colorectal cancer, which could be established within a few days during hospitalization of patients for primary treatment, were characterized and compared in a clinical investigation with observed postoperative survival. Statistical analysis was based on data from a long-term follow-up study of 563 colorectal and 390 stomach cancer patients registered since 1974. The potential prognostic parameters included resectability, tumor extension, and preoperative serum CEA levels. Statistical examination revealed that each of the parameters was associated with highly significant differences in survival of the patients. Combinations of clinical parameters with distinct ranges of preoperative serum CEA levels gave additional valuable prognostic information, thus facilitating the management of patients for adjuvant postoperative treatment.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1982

Correlation of postabsorptive serum iron increase and erythrocyte-59Fe-incorporation with the whole body retention of absorbed 59Fe.

Following the oral application of 100 mg 59Fe-equivalents in different ferrous iron preparations the whole body retention (R) and erythrocyte incorporation (EI) of absorbed 59Fe as well as the postabsorptive serum increase SII after 3 h were estimated by intraindividual and simultaneous comparison in healthy subjects with normal and depleted iron stores. The regression equation R = (0.0 +/- 0.4) + (1.16 +/- 0.04) x EI and a Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.93 were found to describe the correlation between whole body-59Fe-retention R (mg Fe) and erythrocyte-59Fe-incorporation EI (mg Fe) after 2 weeks. The correlation between the postabsorptive serum iron increase SII (mumol/l) after 3 h and the whole body-59Fe-retention R after 2 weeks is characterized by the regression equation R = (0.0 +/- 0.8) + (0.36 +/- 0.03) x SII and a correlation coefficient r = 0.88. Whole body counting of absorbed 59Fe represents the most sensitive, reliable and only quantitative method for measuring iron absorption or bioavailability in man. If however this method is not available postabsorptive serum increase and it's conversion into iron absorption using the described regression equation is a useful substitute for the at least semiquantitative estimation of iron bioavailability from oral iron preparations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Chronic destructive non-suppurating cholangitis].

Initially liver morphology of chronic destructive non-suppurative cholangitis (CDNC) is rather atypical. Therefore, early morphological diagnosis is difficult. First symptoms are severe pruritus and an increase of IgM, AP and gamma-GT. Own investigation of 101 CDNC patients showed that antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are generally later present than the increase of the a/m enzymes. Also remarkable is the fact that among 101 patients are 13 men generally observed during the last 3 years. The most difficult problem is the treatment of CDNC. Here we have to differentiate between symptomatic basic treatment and so-called specific treatment. As basic treatment, ammonia-reducing amino acids, phenobarbital and finally cholestyramine are administered in order to diminish the severe pruritus. The diet must be rich on pectine. Lactulose and bifidum milk improve the diminished detoxication function of the liver. As specific treatment prednisolone and/or azathioprin have disappointed. D-penicillamine can influence CDNC at least temporarily. Because of the frequent side-effects D-penicillamine should be administered only in low doses (100-200 mg daily together with 300 mg vitaminee B6). Until not it is uncertain if the extremely bad prognosis of CDNC can be improved by medical treatment of its early stages.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

On the pathogenesis of preleukemic myelodysplastic syndromes: development of a dysplastic hemopoietic proliferation in the rat after a single pulse dose of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA).

After a single pulse dose of DMBA, rats develop bone-marrow hypoplasia, which is almost compensated for by regeneration after 16 weeks. Subsequently, dysplastic signs of hemopoiesis appear in all experimental animals as massive extrusion of normoblasts into the peripheral blood, red-cell aniso- and poikilocytosis, nuclear deformities, atypical mitoses, and PAS-positivity, as well as megaloblastoid maturation dissociation of erythroblasts and nuclear and granulation anomalies of neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes, comparable to human "pseudo-Pelger cells" and "paraneutrophils". At the time of death (112-497 days after DMBA pulse) experimental animals showed hyperplastic bone marrow with increased granulopoietic/erythropoietic ratios and an augmented, mainly erythropoietic, hemopoiesis in the spleen, with splenomegaly in six rats. Splenic hemopoiesis is accompanied by white pulp atrophia. The cause of death was septicopyemia in three rats, anemia in three, and bleeding in one rat. None of the animals developed a leukemic blast phase. Myelodysplastic changes in this experiment are the same as have been shown to precede leukemia in rats treated with five DMBA pulses (Fohlmeister et al. 1981). Possible relations of myelodysplasia and leukemia are discussed.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1982

Increased noise trauma in guinea pigs through magnesium deficiency.

Mg-deficient guinea pigs developed significantly increased hearing loss during 4 weeks of noise exposure [95 dB(A)] as compared to animals fed a Mg-rich diet. The hearing loss was negatively correlated to the Mg content of the perilymph (r = -0.86). Besides this auditory effect, there was a decrease of intracellular Mg and an increase of collagen in the myocardium, both of which were correlated to the hearing loss and caused by Mg deficiency and noise stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Metabolic studies under ergometric loading of patients with total duodenopancreatectomy].

One year after total duodenopancreatectomy a clinical and laboratory evaluation including exhaustive bicycle ergometry was performed in 6 male patients. The insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas can be compensated by at least 10 g pankreatin per day. During physical exercise patients had higher arterial values of lactate and free glycerol after duodenopancreatectomy than 7 healthy individuals and 6 diabetic patients type I. This metabolic overreaction was due to a deficiency of pancreatic glucagon and resulted in an impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis. There was no detectable increase in growth hormones and only a small one in catecholamines. The physical condition of patients after duodenopancreatectomy was clearly worse.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The lack of recognition of lactating females by infant Octodon degus.

A series of tests were conducted to determine whether infant degus (Octodon degus) will (a) show sensitivity to maternal olfactory cues and/or (b) discriminate between a novel adult lactating female and their mother. The pups showed no preferences when exposed to an array of different olfactory stimuli but did spend significantly more time in proximity with the novel lactating female than with their mothers. It is hypothesized that the communal rearing systems which are apparently characteristic of degus in the wild, coupled with the novelty of the lactating female, may account for these results.

Animals↗