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Biomedical subjects

R Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to R Fischer.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Bone marrow mast cell reaction in preleukaemic myelodysplasia and in aplastic anaemia.

The relationship of bone marrow mast cell counts to prognosis was investigated in 48 patients with preleukaemic myelodysplasia, in 59 patients with aplastic anemia and in a DMBA induced myelodysplasia/leukaemia rat model. In patients with myelodysplasia terminating in overt leukaemia the number of mast cells per square millimeter was not correlated to duration of the preleukaemic course. Leukaemia development probabilities of patients at risk were not different for low and elevated mast cell counts. In aplastic anaemia, however, a lower bone marrow mast cell count was related to a higher survival probability and longer survival time. In the animal model no significant differences could be found between myelodysplastic, leukaemic, and control animals.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Eighty-four potential second-look operations based on sequential carcinoembryonic antigen determinations and clinical investigations in patients with recurrent gastrointestinal cancer.

In our study of patients with resected primary gastrointestinal cancer, slope analysis of the post-operatively increasing carcinoembryonic antigen time courses signaled relapse in about 80 percent of the patients up to 12 months before positive clinical diagnosis. In 29 patients, clinical confirmation of the relapse could be obtained only after second-look surgery. Slope analysis generally differentiated localized from metastatic disease and therefore also predicted the site of relapse. A first evaluation of 84 patients with potential cases of second-look operations provided evidence for a significant increase in survival. Recently, the evaluation of individual carcinoembryonic antigen doubling times was used to derive an individual prognosis since doubling times strongly correlated with the survival of untreated patients. On this basis, it was clearly possible to show the benefit of second-look operation, since patients with resectable recurrences exhibited longer survival times compared with patients with similar carcinoembryonic antigen doubling times without treatment. Moreover, the introduction of monoclonal antibodies with increased specificity for malignant states, has facilitated the selection of patients for second-look operation because unspecific carcinoembryonic antigen elevations are less frequent and recurrent disease can be predicted more reliably due to the higher carcinoembryonic antigen increments associated with malignant growth.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Myofibrillar degeneration--a common type of myocardial lesion and its selective identification by a modified luxol fast blue stain.

Myofibrillar degeneration is a very common form of myocardial damage. It occurs as a disseminated lesion after various forms of injury (e.g. association with cardiovascular surgery, raised intracranial pressure). As a localized alteration it surrounds the coagulation necrosis of infarcts. The present study introduces a modification of the Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) stain as a specific marker of myofibrillar degeneration. In formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded myocardium of human autopsies and biopsies two LFB-reaction types are demonstrable: A) irregular blue transverse bands and B) a diffuse blue staining of the entire myocyte. The first type corresponds to the cross band lesion typical of myofibrillar degeneration. By electron microscopy it consists of dense aggregations of disorganized myofilaments. The second form exhibits diffusely LFB-coloured cells and ultrastructurally an irregular felt-like splitting of myofibrils. The latter represents another, until now unrecognized type of myofibrillar degeneration which is not clearly detectable when using other staining methods. Since a coagulation necrosis is only faintly LFB-positive, this method is not suitable for the detection of early stages of infarcts. The obvious advantages of the LFB-method are: detection of type, amount and distribution pattern of myofibrillar degeneration in low-power-views, even if myocytes are cut transversely, high sensitivity, easy handling and reliability. The affinity of damaged cells for the LFB-stain seems to be related to the pathogenesis of myofibrillar degeneration, in which abundant Ca++-influx plays a primary role.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1985

Clinical diagnosis of massive hemoptysis using the fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Pulmonary resection, when possible, is the conventional treatment of massive hemoptysis. Alternatives include bronchial artery embolization, Fogarty catheter balloon tamponade, and pharmacologic approaches. We used endotracheal intubation and flexible bronchoscopy to locate the bleeding site in three of four patients with massive hemoptysis. These cases are used to review the etiology of massive hemoptysis and the usefulness of flexible bronchoscopy to localize the source of hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Aplastic anaemia and the hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome: histomorphological, diagnostic, and prognostic features.

In a retrospective study of 111 patients with aplastic anaemia iliac crest biopsies were evaluated for the presence of morphological features statistically related to the evolution of the disease. Prognostic variables for a transition to acute non-lymphatic leukaemia were: cellular atypias of the three haemopoietic lineages, as observed in the myelodysplastic syndrome, and especially "micromegakaryocytes"; high numbers or irregular distribution of megakaryocytes, or both; and (slight) marrow fibrosis. Clinical variables did not influence these prognostic correlations. Prognosis in relation to death from bone marrow failure without leukaemia might well have been influenced by a strong plasma cell reaction, but this correlation was weakened by clinical factors. On the basis of this study aplastic anaemia can thus be subdivided morphologically into two disease entities--namely, hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome with a 23-82% risk of acute non-lymphatic leukaemia developing within three years, depending on how many variables associated with acute non-lymphatic leukaemia are present, and non-dysplastic myelohypoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Bronchial secretion and bronchial mucosa in children with mucoviscidosis: results of comparative bronchoscopic, biochemical, bacteriologic, light and electron microscopic studies].

Twenty two patients with cystic fibrosis, 7 to 17 years of age, underwent each two bronchoscopic investigations, the second six months later than the first, in general anaesthesia with muscle relaxation using a ventilation bronchoscope and taking small biopsies of the mucous membrane. The degree of reddening, swelling of the mucous membranes and hypersecretion was in some agreement with the intensity of the cellular infiltration and the production of pus (microscopic investigation). Secondary ultrastructural changes were detected in nearly all children: e.g. cellular oedema, protrusion of cells and fusion of cilia, microtubular abnormalities of the cilia, lesions of the apical cell membranes and increased number of goblet cells. These changes of ultrastructure were not correlated to the mentioned signs of inflammation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

On four cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome without microangiopathy.

Four cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) are presented in which light and electron microscopic examination of renal biopsies (2 cases) and light microscopic examination of the kidneys on autopsy material (2 cases) revealed no changes reflecting microangiopathy. Based on these findings and on personal observation of 197 cases of HUS with glomerular or vascular changes, it is considered questionable whether the results of animal experiments by Brain et al. [1962] and Brian and Brain [1968] can be transferred to man. The cause of hemolytic anemia in HUS is considered unclarified, except for cases in which hemolysis is triggered by neuraminidase-producing bacteria and viruses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnostic value of the prolactin stimulation test in infertile women with galactorrhea].

In infertile women breast secretion may be provoked in approximately 11%, although basal prolactin serum levels are only elevated (greater than 12 ng/ml) in 30% of the cases. This casts doubt on the diagnostic value of a single determination of prolactin serum concentrations in women with galactorrhea and/or infertility. Introduction of a dynamic function test of prolactin secretion into the endocrine work-up of such patients improves our diagnostic tools as can be seen by the fact that approximately two thirds of the patients with galactorrhea exhibited an exaggerated response of prolactin to metoclopramide despite normal baseline levels of prolactin.

Female↗