Sixty-eight subjects ranging in age from 6 to 23 years were studied in an 'auditory oddball' event-related potential (ERP) paradigm. Our results replicate other studies, finding P3 as the most consistent component of ERPs since childhood, although great variability of this component was found in the 6-year-old group. Separate age/ERP component latency and amplitude linear regressions were computed for subjects 6-14 and 6-23 years old. Our data show in both groups a significant negative and positive correlation between age and P3 latency and N1-P2 amplitude respectively. The age/P3 latency slope for the subjects under 15 years old was -19.00 msec/year versus 8.15 msec/year for all subjects (6-23 years old). Our results indicate that P3 latency during childhood decreases with age, reaching an asymptote after or during the second decade of life. No curvilinear relationship between age and P3 latency was found over the child groups, although a significant curvilinear relationship was found over the entire age range. This study showed no significant gender differences in latency at any age group. However, in the adult group females showed significantly larger amplitudes than males.

Adolescent↗

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Cyclosporine A stimulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and enhances monocyte adhesion to vascular smooth muscle cells.

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Animals↗

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Immunohistochemical study of pepsinogen C expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma: association with clinicopathological parameters.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pepsinogen C expression in malignant cutaneous melanomas and analyze its possible relationship to clinical and pathological parameters. Pepsinogen C is an aspartyl proteinase primarily involved in the digestion of proteins in the stomach and represents one of the main androgen-inducible proteins in breast cancer cells. METHOD: Tumoral pepsinogen C expression was retrospectively analyzed in 35 paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with primary malignant cutaneous melanoma and in 10 samples from 10 benign lesions (4 dermal melanocytic nevi, 4 compound melanocytic nevi and 2 dysplastic melanocytic nevi), using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The benign lesions were consistently negative for pepsinogen C, whereas 20 of the 35 malignant melanomas (57%) showed positive immunostaining for pepsinogen C. The percentage of pepsinogen C-positive tumors was significantly higher in men than in women (p=0.01) and in epithelioid melanomas than in fusocellular or mixed type melanomas (p=0.003). In addition, the percentage of pepsinogen-C positive tumors was positively and significantly correlated with lesion thickness (p=0.003), Clark's level of invasion (p=0.028) and tumor stage (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Pepsinogen C could be a new prognosticator of unfavorable outcome in cutaneous malignant melanoma.

Adult↗

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Notes on the phlebotomine sand flies from the Peruvian southeast--I. Description of Lutzomyia (Helcocyrtomyia) adamsi n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae).

A new species of phlebotomine sand fly, Lutzomyia adamsi n. sp., is described and illustrated from specimens collected during August 1994, in Sandia, Department of Puno-Peru. According to the Oficina Nacional de Evaluacion de Recursos Naturales(ONERN 1976), this locality is situated in the life zone known as humid, mountain, low tropical forest (bh-MBT). Many areas in the northern part of Puno, mainly in the Inambari and Tambopata basins, are endemic to leishmaniasis. These areas are the continuation of others, largely known as "leishmaniasic" in the departments of Cusco and Madre de Dios. The morphological characteristics indicated that this species belongs to the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Helcocyrtomyia Barretto, 1962.

Animals↗

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[Alteration of the antinociceptive systems in chronic daily headaches].

INTRODUCTION: Chronic daily headache (CDH) is a chronic painful clinical condition that is frequently found in neurological practice. Diagnosis is clinical and the therapeutic approach is complex. Its mechanism of production is still not altogether clear, but a genetic component is acknowledged as a predisposing factor. Numerous areas are involved in the generation of primary headaches, including the periaqueductal grey matter (PAGM), which plays a role as a neuromodulator both in headaches and in other chronic painful conditions. AIMS: In order to evaluate possible biochemical changes in patients with CDH, magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the spectra produced in the PAGM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The spectra in the PAGM were studied in 17 patients with CDH. These were compared with the average spectra in 17 healthy subjects by means of differential spectroscopy. RESULTS: Subjects with CDH show a reduction of over 70% in the level of the metabolite N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) in the PAGM. NAAG is a peptide involved in antinociceptive activity. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of NAAG in the PAGM suggests altered neuromodulation of the antinociceptive systems in subjects with CDH. Whether CDH is the cause or the consequence has still to be determined.

Adult↗

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[Study of the pituitary reserve through the overload of synthetic LHRH in amenorrhea and anovulomenorrhea women (author's transl)].

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Adrenal Glands↗

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[Destruction of residual varicose collaterals by subcutaneous dilaceration with a needle].

The persistence of collaterals after a properly conducted surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs often presents a problem which is difficult to resolve. The authors put forward a simple and original method, in which a long and slightly curved triangular needle is used, without incisions, to destroy by dilaceration the collaterals whatever their degree of dilatation and their location. This technique has also been used as a first stage preceding stripping, and over a 5 year period has given results in 70 patients which are very satisfactory both from the point of view of efficacy as well as from the aesthetic point of view.

Collateral Circulation↗