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Biomedical subjects

R Feld

Publications and source records attributed to R Feld.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the brain, liver, and upper abdomen in the staging of small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Computed tomography (CT) examinations of the brain, liver, and upper abdomen were obtained in 60 previously untreated patients with histologically proven small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). These results, together with clinical findings and laboratory investigations including radionuclide scans, determined the final staging of the patients. Computed tomography changed the stage from limited to extensive disease in three patients and from extensive to limited disease in seven patients. Overall, 10 of 60 patients (16%) had their final stage altered by CT. This study indicates that CT examinations may yield valuable information in some cases of small cell lung cancer but that it is of limited value in the routine staging of these patients.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of poliovirus type 1.

We isolated six temperature-sensitive mutants of poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) by hydroxylamine mutagenesis and replica plating at 31, 33 (permissive), and 39 degrees C (restrictive). One of these mutants, designated tsB9, was chosen for more detailed examination. tsB9 accumulated 25% of the wild-type amount of virus-specific RNA at the restrictive temperature. We found that tsB9 was not able to synthesize mature, 35S single-stranded RNA at the restrictive temperature. In spite of the absence of significant RNA synthesis, tsB9 retained the ability to inhibit host protein synthesis during infection at 39 degrees C at about the same rate as wild-type virus.

Hydroxylamine↗
PubMed1981

Alterations in creatine kinase in fresh muscle and cell cultures in Duchenne dystrophy.

Creatine kinase (CK) (total and isoenzymes) was measured in cultures obtained by dissociation and subsequent plating of cells from biopsied quadriceps muscle of 10 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 20 controls. The total cellular CK and CK-MM reached highest values around 21 days in both DMD and control cultures, suggesting that DMD cultures do not show delayed myoblast fusion. There was a significant decrease of total cellular CK in DMD cultures at all stages, but the maximum differences were noted for the peak values. The CK isoenzyme pattern in DMD cultures demonstrated a higher percentage of CK-BB and CK-MB and a lower percentage of CK-MM than was observed in cultures from the controls. Addition of cytosine arabinoside after myoblast fusion to muscle cell cultures did not induce significant changes of CK isoenzyme pattern. There was no difference in the CK levels in culture medium from controls and DMD patients. The alterations of cellular CK were similar in fresh muscle and cell cultures from DMD patients.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1981

Combined modality treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Ninety patients with extensive and 61 with limited small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with three courses of intravenous chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and vincristine sulfate) followed by radiotherapy to intrathoracic disease, and a second three-drug oral combination consisting of lomustine, procarbazine, and methotrexate for one year. Among the 147 patients who were evaluated, 55 of 66 (83%) with limited disease and 53 of 81 (65%) with extensive disease showed response after three courses of chemotherapy. The complete response rate in patients with limited disease prior to radiotherapy was 24%, but increased to 58% when evaluated following radiotherapy. The median survival was 47 weeks for patients with limited disease and 36 weeks for those with extensive disease. A 24% two-year survival is projected for complete responders. Important prognostic factors for survival are performance status, extent of disease, and sex, with female subjects doing somewhat better than male subjects. Among patients with limited disease, 45% failed within the CNS despite the use of chemotherapeutic agents that cross the blood-brain barrier. The initial induction regimen and radiotherapy were well tolerated; the oral three-drug combination was more toxic and did not prevent CNS metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Combination chemotherapy in invasive thymoma role of COPP.

Combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine (COPP) was administered to 5 patients with invasive lymphoepithelial thymoma. Objective evidence of tumor regression was seen in 4 patients. Given prior to preoperative radiation therapy, COPP produced partial remissions in 2 patients, making possible smaller radiation treatment fields. Two patients with pleural involvement when first seen, achieved tumor regression when COPP was given prior to radical radiation therapy. One of these patients remains disease-free at 34 months; the other succumbed to pneumonitis. One patient, presenting with pleural metastasis three years after undergoing incomplete resection of thymoma, failed to respond to treatment. Combination chemotherapy with COPP can produce objective regression of invasive lymphoepithelial thymomas which may be useful in the preoperative management of selected cases, as well as in the management of unresectable or metastatic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Altered protein synthesis and creatine kinase in breast muscle cell cultures from dystrophic chick embryos.

The total protein synthesis (TPS), myosin synthesis (MS) and creatine kinase (CK) levels in muscle cell cultures obtained from 400 normal (strain 454) and 400 dystrophic chick embryos (strain 455) were investigated. The cultures were obtained from breast muscles of 12 day chick embryos by dissociation in 0.25% trypsin, preplating and plating of 5 x 10(5) floating cells on gelatin coated dishes in Minimal Essential Medium, 10% horse serum and 2% chick embryo extract. After 6 days, when electron-microscopic studies demonstrated good muscle differentiation, cell cultures were labeled with [3H]leucine. TPS and MS, respectively, showed 85% and 65% increases in breast muscle cell cultures from dystrophic chick embryos. The half-life times for total protein and myosin from dystrophics were 19 and 32 hr, respectively as compared with 36 and 48 hr from controls. Noncollagen protein content (NCP) showed 27% decrease in postfusion stage (12 days) of cell cultures from dystrophics. The CK level showed 30% lower values in the cells from dystrophics but 50% higher values in their culture medium. The addition of leupeptin plus pepstatin (50 microgram/ml) to these cultures resotred NCP content, total protein and myosin turnover to normal values and significantly increased TPS and MS. The addition of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) (20 microgram/ml) to cell cultures from dystrophics did not change the NCP content nor the turnover for total protein and myosin but significantly increased TPS, MS and CK while medium CK significantly decreased. The addition of leupeptin plus pepstatin or DPH to muscle cell cultures from normal chick embryos also significantly stimulated TPS and MS.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Herpes zoster in patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung receiving combined modality treatment.

Herpes zoster, a rare complication in patients with solid tumours, was observed in 13 of 161 (8.1%) patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung treated in a prospective combined modality therapy trial. Induction therapy consisted of three courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine, followed by thoracic radiation. Maintenance chemotherapy with oral lomustine, procarbazine, and methotrexate was given for 1 year. Most herpes zoster cases (11) occurred while patients were on maintenance chemotherapy. Three patients developed nonfatal disseminated herpes zoster and one, postherpetic neuralgia. Herpes zoster may be a relatively frequent complication of prolonged aggressive treatment of small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1979

Micrococcus luteus pneumonia: a case report and review of the literature.

The clinical course of a 69-year-old male with acute myelogenous leukemia is described who, while extremely leukopenic (less than 100 neutrophils/microliter) from chemotherapy, developed a cavitating pneumonia due to a gram-positive coccus, Micrococcus luteus. Aggressive antibiotic management and attainment of complete remission of his leukemia resulted in a successful outcome. A review of the literature regarding the pathogenicity of this organism and, in particular, its occurrence as a cause of pneumonia is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Empiric therapy for infections in granulocytopenic cancer patients: continuous infusion of amikacin plus cephalothin.

A combination of amikacin sulfate given by continuous infusion (800 mg/sq m/24 hr) plus cephalothin sodium (2 g every four hours) was used as initial empiric therapy for the treatment of 65 evaluable febrile (greater than 38.5 degrees C) episodes in 54 granulcoytopenic (neutrophils, less than 1,000/microliter) adult cancer patients. Carbenicillin disodium (5 g every four hours) was substituted for cephalothin in patients with Pseudomonas infections and in patients in whom the initial regimen was unsuccessful. Thirty-two of the 38(84%) identifiable infections responded to therapy, including all of the eight septicemias and eight of 11 pneumonias. Three additional infections responded to the substitution of carbenicillin for cephalothin, for a total response rate of 92% (35/38). Nephrotoxicity occurred in five patients (7.1%), most commonly in patients over 60 years of age. Ototoxicity, highly correlated with a duration of greater than 19 days and a total dosage of greater than 25 g of amikacin sulfate, occurred in four patients (5.6%). Amikacin given by continuous infusion plus cephalothin is a safe and efficacious empiric therapy for infections in granulocytopenic cancer patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Urticaria following intravenous doxorubicin administration.

Urticaria developed above the site of injection with doxorubicin hydrochloride in 11 patients with malignant neoplasms. Generalized urticaria without anaphylaxis developed in one patient, while only local reactions developed in the other ten. A reaction developed in two patients on their first exposure to doxorubicin. Two of the seven patients who received subsequent doxorubicin therapy had further reactions. Urticaria does not seem to be a contraindication to further treatment with doxorubicin if the patient is closely observed. The value of prophylactic antihistamines of corticosteroids is not clear.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Infections in patients with malignant lymphoma treated with combination chemotherapy.

The records of 360 patients with malignant lymphoma treated with various forms of combination chemotherapy from 1966 to 1974 were reviewed. A total of 181 infections was found in 125 patients. The most frequent types of infection were pneumonia (31%), skin infections (17%), urinary tract infections (13%) and septicemia (11%). An etiologic organism was was identified in 133 infections (73%). The most common causative organisms were bacteria (77%), especially gram-negative bacilli. Viral infections accounted for 18% of the infections with 21 of the 24 being due to herpes zoster. These were more frequently found in patients with Hodgkin's disease (14/21) than in the other lymphomas. Among patients with Hodgkin's disease, 53% treated with COP developed infections compared to only 27% treated with MOPP (p = 0.039). Among patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, infections were more frequent in patients treated with Adriamycin containing combinations than with COP. Neutropenia (i.e. less than 1,000 neutrophils/mm3) was associated with 35% of infections in this study and was seen more often in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (p = 0.048).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of amikacin and tobramycin in the treatment of infection in patients with cancer.

Two new aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and amikacin, were compared in a randomized study of the treatment of infections in patients with cancer. For the identified infections, the response rate for tobramycin was 60% and for amikacin was 64%. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and septicemia were the most frequent infections. Most (78%) of the identified pathogens were gram-negative bacilli; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most frequently isolated organisms. When only infections due to gram-negative bacilli were considered, 67% responded to tobramycin and 69% responded to amikacin. All infections except pneumonias had at least a 50% response rate to either antibiotic. The major form of toxicity of both antibiotics was azotemia and occurred in 22% of cases treated with tobramycin and in 20% treated with amikacin. Tobramycin and amikacin are equally effective in the treatment of gram-negative infections and have similar toxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Amikacin for treatment of infections in patients with malignant diseases.

Amikacin was evaluated in patients with malignant diseases during 134 episodes of identified infection, most of which were cases of pneumonia and septicemia. The overall rate of response of the identified infections was 63%. The majority of infections were caused by Escherichia coli, the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The response rate for infections caused by these organisms was 80%. Five of eight infections caused by organisms resistant to gentamicin responded to therapy with amikacin. Nephrotoxicity was observed in 13% of patients who had normal renal function initially.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Mycobacteriosis in patients with malignant disease.

Mycobacteriosis was found in 59 patients with malignant disease in a five-year period from 1968 to 1973. Thirty patients (51%) had mycobacteriosis that was caused by atypical mycobacteria. The most frequent organisms were Mycobacterium kansasii and M fortuitum. The most frequent tumors associated with mycobacteriosis were squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, testicular carcinoma, and lung carcinoma. The only predisposing factor was treatment with cancer chemotherapy. Mortality due to mycobacterial infections was most frequently associated with those infections caused by M tuberculosis. Although mycobacteriosis is relatively uncommon in cancer patients, if it is present, atypical mycobacteria should be looked for because, in these patients, these organisms cause more than 50% of mycobacteriosis.

Adolescent↗