Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R F Scott.
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In the abdominal aortas of young mash-fed swine, intimal cell masses (pads, cushions) are located predominantly away from blood vessel orifices. They are found scattered throughout the aorta but nevertheless have a definite pattern of distribution. In the distal one half of the abdominal aorta, they are more frequent in the ventral quandrant than in the dorsal or either lateral quadrant. In the proximal half, intimal cell masses are more frequent in the dorsal quadrant. When experimental atherosclerosis is induced in the abdominal aortas of young swine by either a hypercholesterolemic diet or by aortic ballooning followed by a hypercholesterolemic diet, the distribution of early lesions is similar. The lesions are found predominantly in quadrants where intimal cell masses were found to be most frequent in the control group of swine. The results suggest that most of the lesions, though not necessarily all, arose from pre-existing intimal cell masses beneath the aortic surface.
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A comparison is made of the deblurring by digital and optical processing of a single conventional bright field electron image of ferritin particles distributed on a carbon supporting film. The deblurring functions include the effects of the partial temporal and partial spatial coherence of the electron beam, the phase contrast transfer function of the objective lens and Weiner signal to noise optimisation. Practical aspects of the similar results achieved by the two methods are discussed. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the batch and interactive computer modes for picture processing are considered in an Appendix.
Aspects of myocardial oxidative phosphorylation and Ca2+ metabolism were studied in a swine model in which coronary atherosclerosis was induced by a combination of denudation of the endothelium of the coronary arteries plus 7--11 months of feeding a high fat--high cholesterol diet. By microscopy, a moderate amount of coronary atherosclerosis was present at the time of sacrifice, and 2 of the 14 swine hearts had old myocardial infarcts. Myocardial mitochondria from grossly normal areas showed partial uncoupling and decreased state 3 O2 uptake with 3 of 4 substrates tested. In addition, Ca2+ stimulated mitochondrial respiration was decreased in the atherosclerotic swine. In the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake under conditions of heavy loading was greater in the atherosclerotic swine than in control animals. The degree of atherosclerosis was not great enough to suggest that persistent myocardial ischaemia was present. Possibly coronary artery spasm induced an intermittent ischaemia resulting in the metabolic abnormalities observed, or the changes may have been brought about by the effects of the high fat--high cholesterol diet on subcellular membranes.
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Myocardial mitochondrial function and high energy phosphate levels were measured in normal swine, in swine after either 5 or 10 minutes of ischemic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) while on cardiopulmonary bypass, and in swine defibrillated after either 5 or 10 minutes of IVE. The damage to myocardial mitochondria induced by IVF, such as partial uncoupling, decreased oxygen uptake, and loss of cytochrome oxidase activity, was completely reversed almost instantly by coronary artery perfusion and the restoration of sinus rhythm. After either 5 or 10 minutes of IVF followed by coronary artery reperfusion and defibrillation, myocardial creatine phosphate (CP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) return to normal levels very rapidly. However, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels remain significantly lower than control levels. If the bioenergetic mechanisms of swine and human myocardium are similar, it appears that IVF at least for a 10 minute period produces no damage to myocardial mitochondria that is not corrected by perfusion of the coronary arteries and re-establishment of sinus rhythm. Furthermore, sinus rhythm can be re-established and maintained despite signficantly lower levels of myocardial ATP.
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