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Biomedical subjects

R F Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to R F Nelson.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A Canadian population survey on the clinical, epidemiologic and societal impact of migraine and tension-type headache.

Trained telephone interviewers contacted 1,573 adults across Canada about the nature and frequency of headaches suffered by them or by others in their households. Using a table of pain symptoms and other characteristics abstracted from the International Headache Society (IHS) classification, the headaches were assigned to migraine headache, tension-type headache or other diagnostic groups. Of the households sampled, 59% had at least one headache sufferer in residence. The proportion of headache sufferers with migraine was 14%; with tension-type, 36%; and with both, 14%. Migraine headache caused more disability than tension-type headache, with nearly 20% of migraine sufferers taking time off work and disability lasting for a mean of 1 day. It is concluded that the current prevalences of migraine and tension-type headache in Canada fall around the mean of previous studies, that the IHS criteria can form a basis for diagnostic classification and that the functional impact of migraine has been seriously underestimated in the past.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of flunarizine to propranolol in the prophylaxis of migraine.

This study was designed to compare flunarizine, a cerebro-specific calcium channel antagonist, and propranolol in the prophylaxis of migraine with or without aura. Following a 1 month single-blind placebo baseline period, 94 patients were equitably randomised under double-blind conditions to take flunarizine 10 mg daily or propranolol 80 mg twice daily for 4 months. Both treatments led to a significant reduction in the frequency of migraines and use of rescue analgesics with a significantly greater decrease in number of attacks for flunarizine after 1 and 4 months. Neither treatment affected the severity nor duration of migraines. Overall, 67% of flunarizine patients and 51% of propranolol patients responded positively. Propranolol significantly reduced blood pressure and heart rate; flunarizine had no effect on cardiovascular function. Weight gain was noted with both treatments. Flunarizine is at least as effective as propranolol in the prophylactic treatment of migraine and may have a better safety profile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Intrathecal baclofen for intractable spinal spasticity--a double-blind cross-over comparison with placebo in 6 patients.

A group of six subjects with intractable spinal spasticity completed a double-blind cross-over paradigm in which they received two intrathecal bolus injections of baclofen solution five hours apart on two different days and two intrathecal bolus injections of placebo saline five hours apart on two other days. Each subject was repeatedly tested with a battery of clinical and physiological tests. In contrast to the placebo injections, the group responded to the baclofen injections with subjective and objective, clinically significant improvement in parameters of spasticity in their lower limbs, including muscle tone, frequency of spasms, hyperreflexia and passive range of joint motion. Furthermore, this improvement was maintained following thirty consecutive days of intrathecal bolus injections of baclofen at a fixed dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Computerized cranial tomography in Wilson disease.

Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson disease) is suspected by the clinical picture and confirmed by characteristic laboratory demonstration of impaired copper metabolism. Three patients with Wilson disease involving the basal ganglia were shown to have abnormalities on computerized tomography (CT) scan, whereas four other patients without signs of cerebral involvement had normal brain scans. Wilson disease may be added to the long list of diseases to which the EMI scan may make a useful diagnostic contribution.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Chronic toxicity of methylmercury in the adult cat. Interim report.

Doses of 3, 8.4, 20, 46, 74 or 176 mug Hg/kg/day were fed to groups of 8--10 adult cats, either as methylmercuric chloride or as methylmercury-contaminated fish, 7 days/week for up to 2 years. Food consumption, body weight change, blood mercury levels, haematology, urine analysis, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and neurological status were assessed regularly in all animals. Clinical signs of methylmercury toxicity -- consisting of ataxia, loss of balance and motor incorrdination -- occured in groups receiving 176 mug Hg/kg/day after 14 weeks of treatment. Pathological findings were confined to the nervous system and consisted of loss of nerve cells with replacement by reactive and fibrillary gloisis. Terminal blood and brain mercury levels were approx. 10 ppm. There were no differences in the time required to develop clinical signs of methylmercury toxicity, tissue mercury levels or pathology between the groups of cats receiving methylmercury as methylmercuric chloride or as methylmercury-contaminated fish, at either dose level. Blood mercury levels in the remaining doses groups appeared to plateau after 40 weeks of treatment. Groups receiving 46 mug Hg/kg/day began to show some neurological impairment after 60 weeks of treatment which did not progress in subsequent weeks. No treatment-related effects were present in groups receiving 20, 8.4 or 3 mug Hg/kg/day after 2 years.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Headache].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Headache↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of four over-the-counter mouthrinses claiming antiplaque and/or antigingivitis benefits.

The efficacy of over-the-counter mouthrinses claiming to have antiplaque/antigingivitis benefits was compared using the modified Löe-Silness Gingival Index and the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. The double-blind in vivo study involved 122 subjects. Each subject was randomly assigned to one of five groups. Gingival inflammation and plaque were evaluated at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of product use. Results revealed that plaque scores for some of the products were statistically significant from the control at the 4-week and 6-week visits. Changes in the gingival scores were negligible.

Adolescent↗