Evidence has been presented that tumor suppressor genes p53 and Rb play a crucial role in the development of both human prostate and bladder cancer. Patients with either cancer are at an increased risk for developing the other malignancy as compared to the general population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether there is abnormal expression of these two suppressor proteins in both the bladder and prostate cancers of the same patient. The expression of p53 and pRb in bladder and prostate cancer specimens obtained from 15 patients having both cancers was studied using immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against these proteins. The expression of p53 and pRb in both bladder and prostate cancers of the same patient was congruent in 8 of 15 cases (53%) for p53 and 9 of 15 cases (60%) for pRb. The significance of these findings warrants further investigations.

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The physician and the nurse practitioner.

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Maintenance of human benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues in the nude mouse.

Human benign hyperplastic prostate (BHP) tissues were implanted subcutaneously in male Beige nude mice for up to 16 weeks. The implants maintained the normal histological appearance of BPH without signs of atrophy for up to 6 weeks. Their epithelium expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), demonstrating that these cells actively underwent cell division. Thereafter the tissues gradually became atrophic, and some tissues maintained for 16 weeks completely lost recognizable prostatic epithelium. The glandular epithelium tended to undergo squamous cell metaplasia associated with atrophy. The epithelial linings of the implants consistently expressed prostate-specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, except in areas of severe atrophy and squamous metaplasia. The nuclei of the implants hybridized with a human-specific DNA probe. Continuous feeding of the mice with dihydrotestosterone or hydrocortisone did not change significantly the morphology or the proliferation index of the epithelial cells within the glandular alveoli of implanted tissues or of normal mouse prostates.

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Xenografts of human benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues in the nude mouse.

Human benign hyperplastic prostate (BHP) tissues were implanted subcutaneously in male Beige nude mice for up to 16 weeks. The implants maintained the normal histological appearance of BPH without signs of atrophy for up to 6 weeks. Thereafter the tissues gradually became atrophic, with the tendency to undergo squamous cell metaplasia, but some tissues still maintained normal epithelium at 16 weeks. The epithelial linings of the implants consistently expressed prostate-specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, except in areas of severe atrophy and squamous metaplasia. Continued feeding of the mice with dihydrotestosterone or hydrocortisone did not change significantly the morphology or the proliferation index of the epithelial cells within implants or host prostates.

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Maintenance of human hyperplastic prostate implants at different sites in athymic mice.

The present study determined the influence of implantation sites, androgens, and the graft's fibrovascular elements on the maintenance of epithelial elements of human benign hyperplastic prostate tissue (BPH) in the nude mouse. BPH fragments prepared from fresh surgical specimens were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.), intraperitoneally (i.p.), or under the renal capsules (r.c.) into male Beige nude mice, which had been implanted s.c. with a Silastic tube filled with 4-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or cholesterol. Two weeks later the BPH tissues were removed from the mouse and examined microscopically. The implants from all three sites maintained a comparable morphology, with epithelial and/or angio-leiomyomatous stromal hyperplastic appearance, without striking signs of atrophy, irrespective of supplementation with DHT. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the implants was comparable, indicating that there was no significant influence of implantation site on the proliferative ability of either epithelia or the stromal fibroblasts. The PCNA-positive cells in the implants, including the vascular and myofibrous elements, hybridized in situ to a human-specific repeated-sequence DNA probe, indicating that these proliferating cells were of human origin. Our data suggest that during the early phases of the adaptation and maintenance of BPH implants, survival of epithelial cells is actively supported by fibro-vascular mesenchymal elements of the prostate grafts in a manner apparently unaffected by DHT supplements.

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