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Biomedical subjects

R F Garry

Publications and source records attributed to R F Garry.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Serum antinuclear antibodies in women with silicone breast implants.

OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence suggests that immunologic abnormalities are not uncommon in individuals with silicone breast implants. The purpose of our study was to evaluate in a consecutive manner, the prevalence of autoimmunity as assessed by the presence of antinuclear antibodies in a larger number of patients with silicone breast implants. METHODS: Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing using an indirect immunofluorescence technique was performed on 813 individuals with silicone breast implants. All subjects except for 3 transsexual males, were female. The overwhelming majority, over 99%, were white. The average age of the subjects was 46.2, with a range of 17 to 72 years. RESULTS: ANA positivity was found in 244 of 813 individuals (30%) using a mouse kidney substrate; and in 470 of 813 (57.8%) using a HEp-2 cell line. The most common immunofluorescent pattern found using HEp-2 was speckled, present in 341 (72.5%) individuals, followed by homogeneous pattern in 113 (24%), nucleolar in 63 (13.4%), and 5 (1.06%) were anticentromere. Anti-dsDNA antibodies measured by an ELISA assay were found in 6 of 71 patients (8%). Rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein were found above healthy controls in less than 10% of cases studied. The high prevalence of ANA found in patients with silicone breast implants agrees with similar observations by others. The finding of anticentromere and nucleolar patterns has great interest and relevance. These fairly distinct ANA patterns are most commonly seen in the idiopathic form of scleroderma and related conditions. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ANA positivity is relatively common in individuals with silicone breast implants, and may support the existence of autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the clinical manifestations seen in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sindbis virus-induced inhibition of protein synthesis is partially reversed by medium containing an elevated potassium concentration.

Infection of cultured vertebrate cells by Sindbis virus, an alphavirus, results in a reduction in the overall rate of protein synthesis and in selective termination (shutoff) of host-specified protein synthesis. The shutoff of host protein synthesis by Sindbis virus has been temporally correlated with a decrease in intracellular K+ concentration (and an increase in intracellular Na+ concentration) which occurs as a consequence of virus-mediated inhibition of the plasma membrane-associated Na+/K+ ATPase. Incubation of Sindbis virus-infected cells in medium containing an elevated concentration of K+ resulted in an increase in the intracellular concentration of K+, an increase in the overall rate of protein synthesis, and in partial reversal of the virus-induced termination of cell-specified protein synthesis. These results suggest that the virus-induced decrease in intracellular K+ concentration is required for efficient shutoff of host protein synthesis by Sindbis virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Viral burden in AIDS.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

[Possible involvement of a recently discovered human retrovirus in idiopathic immunologic disorders, including Sjögren syndrome (autoimmune exocrinopathy)].

Recent studies have suggested that newly-discovered human retroviruses may contribute to the pathogenesis of several immunological diseases. We linked a human intracisternal A-type retroviral particle (HIAP) to systemic autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren's Syndrome. A-type retroviruses are envelope-deficient, a property that may contribute to their pathobiology and epidemiology. Potential mechanisms by which a defective retrovirus could induce immune dysfunctions are discussed.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Membrane alterations linked to early interactions of HIV with the cell surface.

Ultrastructural studies suggest that cell surface alterations occur early during the course of HIV-1 infection of CD4+T-lymphoblastoid cells. Attachment and penetration of HIV resulted in formation of membrane discontinuities and pores and "ballooning." Distention of the endoplasmic reticulum occurred in some cells within the first hour after HIV infection, and this correlated with the numbers of virions bound at the cell surface. These results suggest that HIV virion components may directly damage the cell membrane.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1991

Detection of p24 in HIV-1 infected cells embedded in LR White and Lowicryl K4M.

In this study we present a postembedding on-grid immunogold labelling procedure for the ultrastructural localization of the HIV-1 core protein p24. HIV-1 infected cells were fixed in 0.1% glutaraldehyde, incompletely dehydrated and embedded in LR White or in Lowicryl K4M. Antigenic sites were detected by incubation of ultrathin sections with primary mouse monoclonal antibody anti-HIV-1 p24, followed by the secondary antibody goat anti-mouse IgG coupled to 10nm gold particles. Antigenicity of p24 was found to withstand the applied fixation and was shown to be preserved in LR White as well as in Lowicryl. The described procedure permits the uncomplicated and easy detection of p24 in HIV-1 infected cells and tissues.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1991

A structural correlation between lentivirus transmembrane proteins and natural cytolytic peptides.

Although oncoviruses and lentiviruses replicate by similar mechanisms, they differ fundamentally in the usual fate of the infected host cell during productive natural infections. Oncoviruses typically establish persistent nonlytic infections in natural host cells, while lentivirus infections characteristically result in a variety of cytopathic effects ultimately leading to death of the target cell. Described here is a unique structural motif consisting of a strongly amphipathic and arginine-rich helical peptide segment in the carboxyl end of lentivirus TM proteins that is structurally similar to the family of cytolytic peptides produced as defensive agents by certain insects and amphibians. Also demonstrated is the lytic nature of synthetic peptides constructed from the transmembrane (TM) protein of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV). Thus, it appears that the cytopathic properties of lentiviruses may be in part attributed to the presence of lytic peptides within the TM protein, designated lentivirus lytic peptide (LLP) and that variations in this segment could account for some of the differences observed in the cytopathicity among variants of a particular lentivirus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Detection of a human intracisternal A-type retroviral particle antigenically related to HIV.

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes. The loss of salivary and lacrimal gland function is accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration. Because similar symptoms and glandular pathology are observed in certain persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a search was initiated for a possible retroviral etiology in this syndrome. A human intracisternal A-type retroviral particle that is antigenically related to HIV was detected in lymphoblastoid cells exposed to homogenates of salivary tissue from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Comparison of this retroviral particle to HIV indicates that they are distinguishable by several ultrastructural, physical, and enzymatic criteria.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1990

Detection of serum antibodies to retroviral proteins in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (autoimmune exocrinopathy).

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is considered a benign autoimmune disease; it is characterized by lymphoid infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, often accompanied by the presence of serum autoantibodies, particularly anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B). There are important immunologic similarities between primary SS and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To investigate for a possible immune response to retroviral proteins in primary SS, we performed immunoblotting against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) proteins using sera from 47 patients with primary SS. Moderate-to-strong reactivity, suggesting the presence of serum antibodies, was found in 14 patients (30%). Of 120 normal subjects, only 1 showed moderate positivity. All 14 positive SS sera reacted against p24 (gag) but failed to react against gp41 or gp120 (env). This response did not reflect hypergammaglobulinemia since immunoglobulin concentrations among the 29 SS patients studied were the same in sera that contained and sera that did not contain anti-gag reactivity. Two sera also reacted against p17 gag. Four reacted against HIV-2 core proteins, but none reacted with core proteins of human T lymphotropic virus-I. Only 1 of the 14 sera reacted against Ro (SS-A), and 1 other reacted against La (SS-B). These results identify a subset of SS patients characterized by 1) the presence of serum antibodies to HIV-1 group-specific, but not type-specific, proteins, and 2) the relative absence of anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B) autoantibodies. In this latter respect, these SS patients constitute a subpopulation that resembles patients with HIV-induced SS-like disease.

Adult↗