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Biomedical subjects

R F Canalis

Publications and source records attributed to R F Canalis.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Endolymphatic hydrops after fenestration: a temporal bone study with implications on the function of the utriculo-endolymphatic valve.

A temporal bone specimen demonstrating endolymphatic hydrops 13 years after fenestration of the lateral semicircular canal is presented. Fibro-osseous tissue extending from the lateral semicircular canal and reaching the vestibule produced fixation of the membranous wall of the utricle to the bony wall. Fixation and retraction of the utricule appears to have resulted in a permanently open utriculo-endolymphatic valve leaflet. Similar findings of fibro-osseous changes arising from the area of the crus commune and an open valve were found in a Meniere's disease specimen. The implications of these findings on the function of the valve are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Valsalva's contribution to otology.

Valsalva's life as anatomist, physician, and surgeon of the late XVIIth century is surveyed. The second edition of the "Morgagni" version of Valsalva's Treatise on the Human Ear, published in 1741, is considered in relation to the work of his predecessors, the scientific milieu of his time, and his influence on the development of modern otology.

History, 17th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early structural changes in vascularized periosteal flaps studied in situ.

This study examines the very early stages of osteogenesis in vascularized periosteal flaps and completes a characterization of their behavior after decortication. Pleuroperiosteal flaps based on the intercostal artery were developed in nine dogs and studied in situ by histologic and tetracycline fluorescence methods over periods varying from 1 to 7 days. The earliest changes were noted at 72 hours and were characterized by cellular and capillary proliferation, osteoid deposition, and bright fluorescence. The potential function of retained osseous spiculae was investigated separately. It was concluded that microscopic fragments of mature bone trapped within the flaps appear to assist and consolidate new bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute laryngeal abscesses.

The clinical features of laryngeal abscess have changed markedly since the introduction of antibiotics and are rarely seen by clinicians today. Three cases of acute laryngeal abscess associated with malignancy, airway instrumentation and a preexisting laryngocele respectively are presented. Management of these cases included immediate tracheostomy, intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage. Current etiological factors and modes of presentation are discussed. Laryngeal abscess remains a serious and potentially lethal problem requiring emergent treatment. Serious sequelae may result from this disease.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of periosteum on the fate of pedicle osteocutaneous grafts.

Recent studies on the fate of pedicle osteocutaneous grafts have shown that they remain viable and may be actively involved in the mechanics of bone repair. This communication reports on a series of experiments aimed to clarify the role of periosteum in the survival of pedicle-assisted bone grafts. Osteocutaneous grafts were developed in dogs in such a manner as to isolate the implant from normal recipient bone. Free bone grafts were used as controls and a group of pedicle periosteal grafts were studied as potential sources of bone formation. Specimens were evaluated at regular intervals over a 40-week period. The pedicle bone grafts maintained their viability and developed vigorous osteoneogenesis. The process was progressive and eventually resulted in partial substitution of the original graft by new bone of periosteal origin. The free bone grafts were resorbed and no bone formation was obtained in pedicle periosteum specimens. The study provides clear evidence that under experimental conditions no bone contact is needed to maintain the viability of pedicle osteocutaneous grafts. It also shows that the periosteum has the leading role in the restructuring process of these grafts.

Animals↗
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Laryngeal sarcoidosis with airway obstruction.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic granulomatous disease that occasionally affects the larynx. When the degree of involvement is marked, significant airway obstruction can occur. We present four cases of laryngeal sarcoidosis that resulted in airway obstruction. The clinical features of sarcoidosis of the larynx are discussed, and current methods of treatment are summarized. The laryngologist should include laryngeal sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of patients with airway obstruction, and should play a major role in its management.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laryngeal ventricle. Historical features.

The author reviews some of the salient historical features related to the anatomical description of the laryngeal ventricle and its saccule. The paper is based on a translation of Morgagni's original work published in 1719. This information is presented along with a short biographical note of Morgangni's life. Only original sources were used and photographs of the original illustrations are included.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prehistoric trephination of the frontal sinus.

Two examples of prehistoric trephination of the frontal sinus are presented. Both specimens were collected in Peru during the second decade of this century and are currently preserved at the Museum of Man in San Diego. One of the skulls represents trephining by incision and the other by scraping. Both show signs of healing indicating that the operated individuals survived the procedure. No definite clues as to the indications for surgery were found in one of the specimens. Trauma involving the frontal sinus appears to have been the reason for trephination in the other.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucormycosis of the temporal bone.

Mucormycosis of the temporal bone is described in a 60-year-old female with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus whose symptoms related to cranial nerve palsies and hearing loss, following spread of infection from the nasopharynx. The infection spread along the eustachian tube and tensor tympani muscle to the base of the skull, involving the internal carotid artery with mycotic thrombosis and rupture. Subsequent spread occurred from this area predominantly along nerve pathways and as mycotic emboli in blood vessels of the labyrinth and middle ear. Infection also spread from the anterior middle ear wall through the oval window into the vestibule. The temporal bone changes were those of granulomatous inflammation with necrosis and ischemic infarction.

Ear, Middle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tetracycline bone labeling: an improved technique using incident fluorescence.

A simple modification of the tetracycline bone labeling technique, based on the use of incident fluorescence, is introduced. The method has proven effective in the study of osteoneogenesis in bone grafts assisted by a soft tissue pedicle. The results obtained are highly specific, with new bone showing as a yellow band against blue background. The degree of fluorescence appears to be related to that of osteoneogenesis and correlates well with histological findings of the same specimens when examined by conventional light microscopy. The main advantages of this new technique over currently used methods are 1) avoidance of the time-consuming thinning procedure; 2) ability to study bone and surrounding soft tissue simultaneously; and 3) one-to-one comparison and documentation of the results of fluorescence and histological examination of the same specimen.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis: a clinical and pathogenic enigma.

Rhinoscleroma is a chronic, slowly progressive, infectious disease of the respiratory tract that can produce disability and death, if untreated. Once considered an anomaly in the United States, the disease is now seen more frequently in this country, owing to increased travel from endemic areas. This report presents a comprehensive review of the several types of therapy that have been published in the literature. The results of a clinical experiment are also presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further observations on the fate of pedicle osteocutaneous grafts.

Recent work has shown that pedicle osteocutaneous grafts retain their viability and participate actively in the restructuring of transferred bone. The present study investigates two aspects of this process: (1) whether or not healthy recipient bone is needed for the survival of these grafts and (2) the degree of periosteal involvement in osteogenesis. Six adult dogs were used. Pedicle osteocutaneous grafts were constructed using the anterior table of the frontal sinus. Rotation of these flaps allowed implantation of the bone transplant into the ipsilateral parietal muscle. Free bone grafts were used as controls and were implanted in the contralateral muscle. Specimens were removed at variable intervals between 8 and 40 weeks after operation. All free grafts were reabsorbed. Pedicle-assisted bone grafts retained their volume and exhibited marked periosteal osteogenesis that eventually produced enough new bone to replace the graft. These experiments provide strong evidence that bone restructuring in osteocutaneous grafts may be independent of recipient bone and that it depends almost exclusively on periosteal activity.

Animals↗