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Biomedical subjects

R Escourolle

Publications and source records attributed to R Escourolle.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Neuropathological study of adult intracranial hemorrhage. General data in 500 cases].

The systematic pathological study of 500 patients with intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) [341 (68 P. 100) CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGES (C.H.); 119 (24 p. 100) meningeal hemorrhages (M.H.); 39 (7,8 p. 100) subdural hematomas (S.H.) and, at last, one extradural hematoma] has been practiced. Those cases were issued primarily from neurological and, at a lesser degree, from neurosurgical departments. Etiological data, complications, associated findings and causes of death have been analysed. High blood pressure is the main etiological factor in C.H. This is confirmed by the statistical comparison between the incidence of this factor in our material and in the whole French population. However, nearly 50 p. 100 of ICH occuring in normotensive patients are C.H. The incidence of cirrhosis is much higher in our study than in other reports from the literature. The frequently associated high blood pressure does not seem to enhance the incidence of CH in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although this last factor can be found alone, its real etiological importance in CH cannot be assessed on account of the lack of data concerning the incidence of liver cirrhosis in the French population. The incidence of anticoagulant therapy is high in S.H. On the contrary, this factor does not seem to enhance the risk of high blood pressure induced C.H. The traumatic etiology of S.H. is significantly higher than the anticoagulant therapy etiology which, however, is very high in our study.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Supranuclear lateral gaze palsy of pontine origin. Report of 2 clinicopathologic cases with electrooculographic and electromyographic data].

Electro-oculographic, electromyographic and pathological findings in two cases of supranuclear lateral gaze palsy of pontine origin have allowed us to define the clinical and physiopathologic features of the Pontine Reticular Formation (PRF) syndrome, and to formulate hypothesis about the terminal portion of the Occipito-Pontine Tract (OPT) involved in horizontal pursuit eye movements. The unilateral PRF syndrome is characterized by abnormal eye movements in the direction of the lesion. In the ipsilateral hemifield of movement there is paralysis of all movements from midline to extreme ipsilateral side, except oculo-cephalic reflex which remains intact (dissociated palsy); in the contralateral hemifield all saccades from extreme contralateral side to midline are suppressed, and this constitutes a specific abnormality of the PRF syndrome: quick phase of optokinetic and vestibular nystagmus are absent, while voluntary gaze is preserved but remarkably slow. It is suggested that this last fact is due to simple disfacilitation arising from undamaged PRF. Electromyographic findings suggest that the division between excitatory and inhibitory fibers of descending supranuclear oculomotor tracts ending in the abducens nuclei probably occurs in the lower pans. Anatomopathologic findings in the two cases show that the OPT runs in front of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus or in the lateral tegmentum and that it decussates, at least once, below the upper pons.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1978

[Cerebral tuberculosis. There clinicopathological cases (author's transl)].

The clinico-pathological report of three cases of cerebral tuberculosis, collected over a 10 year period in a single neurological department from non immigrant patients emphasizes the difficulties of diagnosis and therapy of this disease. Multiple tuberculomas have simulated either an alcoolic encephalopathy in one case or a primitive cerebral tumour in another one. In the third case, the course of an exceptional cerebral miliary tuberculosis was not modified by the treatment. Liver cirrhosis was present in every case.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. A clinical and pathological study of three cases in a family with eight affected members in three generations (author's transl)].

We report here a family with three pathologically confirmed cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in three siblings and with transmission of one case to the squirrel monkey. This family, originating from the South-East of England, settled in France in 1870. Eight members of the family, distributed in three generations, were affected by the disease at the same age (about 50), with similar symptoms and length of evolution. Two cases were confirmed at post-mortem and one case by cerebral biopsy. The genealogic inquiry dealth with 46 members of 5 generations. All the affected members, six men and two women, belonged to the three older generations which were comprised of 15 individuals. All had lived in close relationship in a limited area of the north of Ardennas. The possible mechanisms of dominant inheritance or cross infection are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Neurological disorders and perhexiline maleate therapy. Clinical study of 10 cases. Neuropathological, pharmacocinetic and biochemical studies (author's transl)].

Ten new cases of perhexiline induced peripheral neuropathies are reported. The authors emphasize the possible association of other neurological disorders: cerebellar symptoms in one case, complex tremor in two other cases, marked decrease of photomotor reflexes in one case and disgeusia in another one. The pharmacocinetic study of 4 cases revealed the presence of a low metabolism of the drug in one of them. Polymorphous inclusions have been seen in Schwann cell and endothelial cell cytoplasm in the three patients with electron microscopic study of the nerves. The pathological study of one case showed the demyelination of spinal cord posterior columns. In another case, who died from hepatic coma, the biochemical study of cerebral lipids revealed the low values of cerebrosides and sulfatides in cerebellum and cerebral white matter.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Immunofluorescence studies of intra cytoplasmic immunoglobulin binding lymphoid cells (CILC) in the central nervous system. Report of 32 cases including 19 multiple sclerosis.

In 32 cases of human neurological disorders, including 19 cases of Multiple Sclerosis, an analysis was performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded brain tissue by using fluorescein labelled antibodies and Nomarski optics. This method, which allows the reduction of technical artifarcts, permitted to establish the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin binding lymphoid cells with IgG and IgA, more rarely IgM, in the majority of the multiple sclerosis cases. This supports the theory of the intrathecal secretion of antibodies within the central nervous system but does not allow to explain the function of those B. Lymphocytes. The same immunological picture was found in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis. On the contrary, it was different in Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Neuropathological study of incontinentia pigmenti. Anatomical case report (author's transl)].

Report of a case of Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) of the Bloch-Sulzberger type, with neurological features, in a 3 month-old deceased infant. The neuropathological examination revealed signs of a destructive process which had occurred in the perinatal period: ulegyria, cavities of white matter and patchy scar softening of the cerebellar cortex. In addition, there was a diffuse inflammatory process involving the pia-arachnoid and brain tissue: perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes, histiocytes and eosinophilic polymorphs, and mononuclear nodules. No prenatal malformations or vascular lesions were found. These findings are discussed in the light of both the relevant literature on neurological abnormalities in IP and the only already reported neuropathological examination by O'Doherty and Norman (1968). Two main hypotheses might account for the frequency of neurological disturbances in IP, 1. a peculiar sensitivity of the brain to anoxia and/or ischemia: 2. its involvement by the specific inflammatory process which occurs both in the skin as other tissues in this genetically determined disease (Perié et al., 1976).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Presence of zinc, aluminum, magnesium in striopalledodentate (SPD) calcifications (Fahr's disease): electron probe study.

SPD calcifications from four cases of Fahr's disease were studied with an electron microprobe of Castaing, and found to contain different elements, among them Zn, Al, Mg. The presence of the elements is underlined not because of presumption as to their importance on the pathogenesis of this disease, but because of their rare identification in cerebral calcifications. A1 and Mg have been localized previously in cerebral calcification, but this is the first report of morphological localization of a high concentration of zinc in the brain. Two of these cases had hypoparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Electron microscopic study of nerve, muscle and skin lesions induced by perhexiline maleate (author's transl)].

The pathological findings in four nerves and muscles and in one skin biopsies from four patients treated with perhexiline maleate for angina pectoris are reported. In every case, a muscular denervation atrophy and a decrease in the large diameter myelinated fibers were observed. Only one case showed a decrease of the total number of myelinated fibers, on quantitative studies. The electron microscopic study of each nerve displayed findings consistent with a predominant schwannian degeneration, associated with a few onion bulbs formations and, in two cases, with a mild wallerian degeneration. The most striking finding consisted in the presence of polymorphous membrane-bound inclusions reminding the morphology of lysosomal complex lipids. These structures were very abundant in Schwann cells, but they were seen also in fibrocytes, endothelial and pericytic cells. Similar inclusions were present in the single muscle and skin biopsies studied by electron microscopy. In the muscle, they were seen in muscular cells as well as in endothelial and pericytic cells. In the skin, similar inclusions were observed in endothelial, smooth muscle and sweat gland cells. These inclusions were difficult to identify in one micron thick sections, emphazing the need of ultrastructural study for diagnostic purposes.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Combined Nomarski interference contrast and immunofluorescent study of neuropathological specimens: CSF sediments and paraffin embedded brain tissues.

The direct immunofluorescent technique may be easily improved by the use of the Nomarski optics. This contrast allows accurate identification of fluorescent CSF cells and structures in formalin fixed paraffin embedded brain tissues; in the latter, the combined optical procedure is fruitfull in order to avoid fluorescent artifacts misinterpretation. Furthermore, it is emphazised that the conditions in which routine neuropathological specimens are removed and stored usualy does permit the application of the immunofluorescent technique.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

[Quantitative study of the peripheral nerve in semi-thin section by the Nomarski interference contrast technic].

The Normarski interference-contrast microscope is well suited to observations of transverse thick sections of epon-embedded peripheral nerves. The quantitative study of myelinated fibers is possible on photomicrographs with a final magnification of X 500. The induced distorsion is very small as compared with the results obtained by conventional bright field and positive phase contrast optics. The comparative study of the same field with the three devices allows a better interpretation of marginal pictures.

Humans↗