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Biomedical subjects

R Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to R Ellis.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The incidence of bacteremia after outpatient Hurst bougienage in the management of benign esophageal stricture.

Transient bacteremia occurs in a variety of gastrointestinal procedures. Of 13 patients with a benign esophageal stricture treated as out-patients by the passage of Hurst mercury bougies only one developed transient bacteremia which occurred five minutes after dilation. We do not therefore recommend routine antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing this type of management. Attention should be given to the manner in which dilators are cleaned and stored.

Dilatation↗
PubMed1983

The use of timolol/bendrofluazide (Prestim) in the treatment of hypertensive patients failing to respond to other antihypertensives.

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a timolol/bendrofluazide combination (Prestim) in mild to moderate essential hypertension in patients not achieving control of blood pressure on a variety of drugs used alone or in combination (methyldopa, diuretics, beta-blockers, etc.). Normotension (diastolic blood pressure less than 95 mm Hg) was achieved in sixty-eight out of eighty-four (81%) patients with a mean daily dose of 1.9 tablets. Seven patients stopped therapy because of adverse reactions and eight patients did not respond to the maximum dose of four tablets daily. One other patient, initially controlled on two tablet daily, was uncontrolled at the final assessment. The change-over from previous therapy to Prestim was easily managed and no reports of metabolic disturbance were received. Prestim proved an effective alternative in patients not responding satisfactorily to other antihypertensive therapies.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1983

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (vibriosis): vaccination of experimentally infected bulls.

The therapeutic efficacy of a Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis bacterin was determined in experimentally infected bulls. Ten of twelve 5-year-old Angus bulls became infected after being infused intrapreputially with C fetus subsp venerealis. Of the 10 bulls, 6 were vaccinated with 5 ml of C fetus subsp venerealis vaccine on 2 occasions 4 weeks apart. Preputial washings of the vaccinated bulls were culturally negative by the 8th week after primary vaccination. None of the 18 heifers exposed to the vaccinated bulls became infected. The 4 infected, nonvaccinated bulls remained culturally positive to C fetus (P less than 0.002), and each bull infected at least 1 heifer (P less than 0.001). Two noninfected, nonvaccinated bulls remained culturally negative and did not infect any heifer. The 4 infected, nonvaccinated bulls were then vaccinated. Two bulls remained infected 9 weeks after primary vaccination, as determined by the virgin heifer test and cultural examination of preputial washings. Serologic data from 7 sampling periods were different (P less than 0.001) for vaccinated vs nonvaccinated bulls at 4 (against K antigen) or 6 (against O antigen) weeks after primary vaccination. Vaccination was effective in eliminating the infection in most of the infected bulls, but cannot be recommended as the sole measure of control in infected herds.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Zinc: requirements, bioavailabilities and recommended dietary allowances.

This review has approached zinc requirements, bioavailabilities and recommended dietary allowances from a historical view. For example, a requirement for zinc was first demonstrated for the microorganism Aspergillus niger more than a century ago, although zinc has been recognized as a dietary nutrient for humans only within the last decade. Dietary requirement was defined as that quantity of zinc which must be provided daily in order to meet the metabolic requirement. The degree of bioavailability determines the total dietary zinc which must be consumed by humans to remain in metabolic equilibrium. In regard to recommended dietary allowances (RDA), they are recommended average daily intakes of nutrients that population groups should consume. RDA are not synonymous with requirements. Metabolic requirements (the quantity that must be provided to the circulating blood daily) have been determined previously using radio-isotope studies and have indicated a calculated need of approximately 6 mg for an adult per day. More recently a similar amount (4-6 mg) has been found to be required daily (intravenously) in order to maintain plasma zinc concentrations and daily urinary zinc excretion within normal range in hospitalized subjects. Average zinc intakes of large segments of the U.S. population are receiving levels approaching one-half or less the RDA with no apparent deleterious effects. These subjects include pregnant and lactating women. In addition, the zinc content of breast milk is lower than previous studies indicated. Thus, it appears that the majority of breast-fed infants are receiving no more than 70% of the recommended intake, with a recent study indicating less than 50%. Factors reported to affect bioavailability of zinc from foods are discussed. These include fiber and phytate. It was concluded that no definite conclusion can be reached regarding the overall effect of food fiber on zinc balance. Many of the studies were of short duration, with the longest being 32 days. It is probable that different sources of food fiber may have different effects on zinc balance. The apparent discrepancy in the literature regarding the effect of soy protein on zinc requirement was cited. Lastly, the phytate:zinc molar ratio concept was designed to test it as a predictor of zinc bioavailability to humans. The concept must be expanded to recognize the relevance of the total daily dietary zinc intake. Specifically, impairment of absorption of zinc by phytate would be more critical if the total dietary intake was low since the metabolic requirements might not be met.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1982

Pain relief after abdominal surgery--a comparison of i.m. morphine, sublingual buprenorphine and self-administered i.v. pethidine.

One hundred and twenty-six patients undergoing upper and lower abdominal surgery were studied after operation to compare the analgesic effects of i.m. morphine, sublingual buprenorphine and self-administered i.v. pethidine by Cardiff Palliator. There were no significant differences between analgesic regimens in respect of subjective linear analogue pain scores or static and dynamic lung volumes assessed at 24 and 48 h after operation and 5 days after operation in patients who underwent upper abdominal surgery. Sublingual buprenorphine produced more nausea and sedation than the other two treatments, but the differences were not clinically important. However, it offered considerable advantages in terms of ease of administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Phytate:zinc molar ratio, mineral, and fiber content of three hospital diets.

Phytate:zinc molar ratio, minerals, and fiber contents of regular, ovo-lacto vegetarian, and soy meat-substitute hospital diets were determined. The phytate:zinc molar ratio, minerals, and fiber contents of the soy meat-substitute diet were significantly higher than those of ovo-lacto vegetarian and regular hospital diets is within acceptable limits established by human and animal studies conducted by the USDA's Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Laboratory.

Diet↗
PubMed1981

Stability of the WISC-R for a sample of exceptional children.

Compared the subtest and IQ scores obtained by a sample of 75 learning disabled and retarded children and youth (50 boys, 25 girls) on the WISC-R after a 2-year time interval. Stability coefficients (test-retest) were obtained for the sample. The evidence obtained from the present study indicated that the WISC-R provides stable full-scale IQs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Drug-induced interference with energy metabolism in the S180 sarcoma: a new principle in the production of selective tumor injury.

The effects of low doses of L-isoproterenol and hydralazine on energy production in the S180 sarcoma were examined in vivo. Both substances produced dramatic alterations in the tumor adenine nucleotide pattern (TANP) by 1 h, the tumor ATP level falling by 80--84% and the energy charge dropping from 0.81 to 0.27--0.28. The approximate ratios of highest amount tolerated by the animal to lowest effective anti-tumor dose were 500 and 15 respectively. By contrast, the highest tolerated doses of both drugs produced minor and quite dissimilar effects on the adenine nucleotide pattern of mouse liver at 1 h. At 24 h after the initial drug treatment the TANP had largely returned to normal, but total losses of adenine nucleotides of 38--69% were recorded. The effect of hydralazine was both more marked and more reproducible than that of L-isoproterenol. Initial treatments with either drug establishment a refractory state in the tumor by 23--24 h; second administrations 1 hr before death had only modest effects on the TANP. Despite alterations in the macroscopic appearance of the injured tissue, necrosis was not histologically evident 24 h after treatment 24 h, but extensive necrotic areas were readily visible at 5 days.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1980

The Northwestern University multihospital twin study. I. A description of 588 twin pregnancies and associated pregnancy loss, 1971 to 1975.

Five hundred eighty-eight women who were delivered of twins at 13 hospitals affiliated with the Northwestern University Medical School or its outreach institutions between 1971 and 1975 were studied. Eighty-six of the infants did not survive the pregnancy, delivery, or the first week post partum. Maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics are outlined. Infants are categorized by birth order and by birth weight. The mean weight (and standard deviation) of first twins was 2,388 gm (+/- 742 gm) and that of second twins was 2.314 gm (+/- 766 gm). The rate of pregnancy wastage was highest in mothers who were under 20 years of age, who were of low parity, and who were delivered prior to the physiologic maturation of the fetus. The crude mortality rate of twin 1 was 6.1/100 versus 8.5/100 for twin 2. The causes of death in all infants over 2,000 gm are listed. All pregnancy losses are categorized into unavoidable deaths (26.6%), probably not avoidable deaths (59.4%), and possibly avoidable deaths (13.9%).

Adolescent↗