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Biomedical subjects

R Elliott

Publications and source records attributed to R Elliott.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

A technique for controlling behavior in natural life settings.

A behavior control technique is presented, consisting primarily of having a patient give up some portion of his reinforcers (usually money) with the understanding that he must behave in therapeutically prescribed ways in his natural environment to re-earn the reinforcers. The critical features and requirements of the technique are discussed, various applications are suggested, and implications for research are drawn.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1968

Studies on man vector contact in some malarious areas in Colombia.

The frequency of man-biting by mosquitos depends upon the amount of contact between man and mosquito, which in turn depends upon the behaviour patterns of both. In order to examine these relationships in an area with a high incidence of malaria, a study was made in 1965 of the nocturnal movements and of mosquito biting habits in five localities in the malarious area of Colombia that were in the thirteenth or fourteenth cycle of biennial DDT spraying.The populations were classed into five age- and sex-groups, i.e., men and women over the age of 15 years, boys and girls from 5 to 15 years, and children under 5. A number of differences in the habits of these groups were discovered in relation to time spent indoors or outside, but close to, the house.The habits of the four main anopheline vector species were studied in relation to human activities. For three of the species (A. albimanus, A. darlingi, A. nuneztovari) it is suggested that a low relative importance of outdoor biting is caused not by a density-dependent factor but by an anopheline gonotrophic cycle or by relative humidity or both. The fourth species (A. punctimacula), common only at one locality, displayed a complex pattern of biting behaviour with, however, a much greater frequency of outdoor biting than in the other species.It is considered that in these localities malaria is probably transmitted mainly inside sprayed houses by vectors that are susceptible to the insecticides in use but which are not sufficiently reduced in numbers or in life-expectancy to interrupt the transmission of the parasite.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demarketing dysfunctional demand in the UK National Health Service.

This article considers demarketing as a strategy to manage dysfunctional demand in the UK NHS. Demarketing seeks to persuade customers not to use a service which is provided. It appears in all four modes in the NHS as general, selective, ostensible and unintentional demarketing with an emphasis on supply-side applications. It is proposed that, as a demand-side strategy, it would allow purchasers of health care on behalf of communities, to discern values, attitudes and beliefs which predicate current behaviour through the use of the Theory of Planned Behaviour; and, subsequently, to develop appropriate demarketing alternatives to change these behaviours where they are dysfunctional for both consumer and provider. This approach is proposed for the significant behavioural changes required to manage the increases in the use of emergency services: in particular, general practitioner night calls, which are already developing evidence-based demand management strategies. Such alternative strategies need to demonstrate their acceptability to consumers rather than just the professionals. Such demand management strategies would be made more acceptable as they are drawn from both consumer and normative attitudes, values and beliefs. In this way demarketing could demonstrably provide a framework for intervention, collaboration, decentralization, explicitness and an ethical foundation to the key problem of demand management in health care.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demanding healthcare.

This paper describes and compares the development of strategies to manage demand in healthcare in the UK and the USA. It suggests that the development is revealing the need to include disciplines other than the traditional ones of economics and public health if its effects are to be understood. Using as an example the growth of telephone help lines and telephone triage, based on computer based decision support systems, it explores the idea of increasing choice and alleviating fear as a way of reducing demand. Organizational behaviour and consumer behaviour can provide wider understanding of these issues, particularly as they relate to the emotional aspects of this activity. Some convergence of the UK and USA approaches and outcomes are identified but demand is revealed as a relatively unexplored territory in the management of health care in both countries.

Decision Making, Organizational↗