Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Eliakim

Publications and source records attributed to R Eliakim.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Histamine and chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan released by cultured human colonic mucosa: indication for possible presence of E mast cells.

An association between the release of histamine and chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan (PG) was demonstrated in human colonic mucosa (HCM). Colonic biopsy samples incorporated [35S]sulfate (2.7 X 10(6) +/- 188 X 10(3) cpm/mg of wet tissue; mean +/- SEM, n = 5) into PG, which was partially released into the culture medium during the incubation period. Ascending thin-layer chromatography of the released 35S-labeled PG after its digestion by chondroitin ABC lyase (chondroitinase, EC 4.2.2.4) followed by autoradiography yielded three products that migrated in the position of monosulfated disaccharides of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate and N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate and of an oversulfated disaccharide possessing N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-disulfate. Cultured colonic mucosa released 23.6 +/- 3.7 ng of histamine per mg of wet tissue (mean +/- SEM, n = 16) without any specific trigger. Comparison by linear regression analysis of the release of histamine and chondroitin [35S]sulfate E PG revealed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.7 (n = 16; P less than 0.005). Histological examination of the colonic biopsies revealed the presence of many mast cells in various degrees of degranulation in the mucosa and submucosa, most of which were found in the submucosa. Incubation of the HCM biopsies in the presence of anti-human IgE revealed 58% +/- 12% (mean +/- SEM, n = 3) enhancement in the release of chondroitin [35S]sulfate E PG and 64% +/- 10% (mean +/- SEM, n = 4) of histamine release. The above correlation, the observation that most of the mast cells showed various degrees of degranulation, and the lack of heparin synthesis as opposed to the synthesis and immunological release of chondroitin sulfate E strongly suggest that the E mast cell exists in the human colon.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1986

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in Hodgkin's disease.

A patient with clinical Stage IV Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis type demonstrated all features of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Electroencephalogram, radiography of the skull, and computerized tomography of the brain and cardiac, renal, thyroid, and adrenal function tests were all normal. It is suggested that the patient presents a rare case of Hodgkin's disease with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

Hodgkin Disease↗
PubMed1986

Perforation of the esophagus electrocardiographically mimicking myocardial infarction.

A 76-year-old woman developed a perforation of the median esophagus. A concomitant electrocardiographic follow-up was compatible with an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction, but was not accompanied by typical chest pain or elevated serum myocardial enzymes. Perforation of the esophagus is added to the list of diseases electrocardiographically imitating acute myocardial infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly.

The effect of nifedipine monotherapy, retard tablets, 20 mg bid, was evaluated in 23 hypertensive patients, mean age, 79 +/- 2 years. Twenty-one patients completed an eight-week study. Blood pressure (BP) decreased to 160/90 mm Hg in 15 patients; in four additional patients diastolic BP dropped by 15% to 28%. In a subset of five patients with isolated systolic hypertension, a significant reduction in systolic BP was noted. Side effects were relatively mild and only two patients discontinued the study. The results suggest that nifedipine monotherapy offers an alternative, logic, therapeutic approach to hypertension in the elderly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Hypoglycemia-induced hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

We present a young man with Mediterranean type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus whose brittle course was characterized by recurrent bouts of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). While neither of the episodes of DKA was complicated by hemolysis, hemolytic anemia consistently followed the recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia. Stringent control of the patient's blood glucose levels in the upper limit and slightly above the normal range successfully prevented recurrence of hypoglycemia and recrudescence of hemolytic anemia. Hypoglycemia is proposed as capable of inducing hemolysis in G6PD deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of age on beta-adrenergic function in man: a review.

The structure and function of the beta-adrenergic adenylate cyclase complex in the elderly is reviewed. The function of the beta-adrenergic receptor in man is modulated by levels of circulating catecholamines, noncatecholamine hormones, drugs, disease, and age. Although a number of clinical observations demonstrate an age-related decrease in catecholamine responsiveness, the molecular basis of this phenomenon is unknown. Simple reduction in beta-receptor number does not appear to explain age-associated loss of catecholamine responsiveness. Recent investigations from our laboratory employed salbutamol-induced rise in plasma cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels to study the molecular basis for this phenomenon. In young individuals there was a threefold increase in plasma cAMP levels after salbutamol infusion. In older subjects only a 50% rise in plasma cAMP levels was observed. These results suggest that the basis for reduced catecholamine responsiveness in the elderly is due to a defect in the peripheral beta-receptor-linked adenylate cyclase complex. The finding of reduced beta-adrenergic-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the aged prompted us to determine the specificity of this decline by measuring the activity in older and younger individuals of another hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase. However, no effect of subject age was observed on glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity, suggesting that the blunted response of the beta-receptor adenylate cyclase complex in the elderly represents a specific loss of function and is not due to a general age-associated decline in hormone-stimulated cyclase function. Specific molecular defects which could account for decline in beta-adrenergic responsiveness in the elderly are discussed.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1984

Acute desensitization of lymphocyte beta-adrenergic-stimulated adenylate cyclase in old age and Alzheimer's disease.

The effect of prior incubation with a single concentration of isoproterenol (10(-4) M) for 2 hours at 37 degrees C on isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in intact lymphocytes from young, old and subjects with Alzheimer's disease was studied. In lymphocytes from all three subjects groups prior incubation of cells with isoproterenol resulted in a significant reduction of cyclic AMP accumulation upon subsequent stimulation with isoproterenol.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1984

Deterioration of beta-receptor-adenylate cyclase function in elderly, hospitalized patients.

Salbutamol infusion was used to study the molecular basis for reduced catecholamine responsiveness in a group of elderly hospitalized individuals. Salbutamol-induced plasma cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) rise in a group of 10 elderly (mean age 77 years) patients, 8 of whom were hospitalized 6 to 8 weeks after femoral fracture, and 10 younger (mean age 27 years) individuals was compared. Parallel clinical response was monitored by changes in pulse rate and blood pressure. In the younger group there was a three-fold increase in plasma cyclic AMP levels after salbutamol infusion. In the older adults only a one-and-one-half-fold rise in plasma cyclic AMP levels was observed. There was an increase in pulse rate and systolic blood pressure and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure in the younger group compared with the older participants. These results suggest that the basis for reduced catecholamine responsiveness in elderly hospitalized individuals is due to a defect in the peripheral beta-receptor-linked adenylate cyclase complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A predictor index for hospitalization for patients with acute asthmatic attack.

Thirty-nine patients, aged 14 to 50 years (mean 33), were treated for an acute asthmatic attack in the hospital emergency room. A scored index was estimated on admission for each patient, based on pulse, respiratory and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), amplitude of paradoxical pulse and degree of dyspnea, wheezing and accessory muscle use. All patients were treated according to a standard protocol including oxygen, fluids, salbutamol inhalations and aminophylline infusions, with hydrocortisone infusion in selected patients. The decision to hospitalize of discharge was based on clinical grounds and was taken after 4 to 8 h of treatment without prior knowledge of the patient's index. The mean index of 13 hospitalized patients (Group 1) was 4.5 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- 2 SD), compared with 4.3 +/- 1.3 of 7 patients who were discharged but returned for additional treatment within 10 days (Group 2). Both indices were significantly higher than that of 19 patients who were discharged and remained well (2.5 +/- 1.5) (Group 3). The most important differentiating parameters were the degree of dyspnea, wheezing and PEFR. We conclude that patients with scored indices of greater than 4 should be hospitalized immediately, those with indices less than 4 could probably be discharged with relative safety, and patients with an index of 4 should be considered individually, with dyspnea, wheezing and PEFR being the major criteria for the decision.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Hemoglobinopathies in Israel.

A survey of the various hemoglobinopathies in Israel is reported. The information was supplied from 13 hematology services throughout the country and from the Ministry of Health. The common hemoglobinopathies encountered were the thalassemias and sickle cell anemia. In addition, hemoglobin C and O Arab were found in isolated communities. Sporadic cases of hemoglobin Hasharon, hemoglobin D, hemoglobin NYU were also found. The thalassemic patients originated mainly from Kurdistan, Yemen and Iraq, while the sickle cell patients were mainly Moslem Arabs or Bedouins.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1983

Corynebacterium xerosis endocarditis.

Bacterial endocarditis due to Corynebacterium xerosis developed in a previously healthy person. Diphtheroid infection is a rare cause of endocarditis and, when present, it usually affects immunocompromised hosts or prosthetic valves. There are few reports of diphtheroid endocarditis on intact valves, and, to our knowledge, this is the first case in which the offending organism was identified as C xerosis. We call attention to the virulence of C xerosis in a person with no previous valvular disease.

Corynebacterium↗