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Biomedical subjects

R Eisele

Publications and source records attributed to R Eisele.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Plasma haloperidol levels and therapeutic response in acute mania and schizophrenia.

In an open study, 18 patients suffering from an acute episode of schizophrenia and 18 patients with severe mania were given haloperidol at different dosage levels. Haloperidol plasma concentrations were measured and the status of the patients was evaluated at intervals using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). No correlation was found between the oral dose and the plasma concentrations in the schizophrenic group, but there was a low correlation for manic patients. In both groups, however, there was a correlation between these two parameters when the drug was given intramuscularly. There was no correlation between haloperidol plasma concentrations and the BPRS scores. Of the 36 patients 28 responded well to the treatment and were discharged from hospital. A good relationship between the clinical status as observed by the clinicians and the BPRS score was found. Plasma haloperidol concentration measurement was found to be a useful tool for the detection of non-compliance or excessive plasma levels. Accordingly, the present study indicates the value of drug level monitoring as a means to improve therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Winuron - alternative single-dose therapy of gonorrhea].

152 ambulatory patients suffering from gonorrhoea were treated with Winuron in an open clinical trial. A single oral dose of rosoxacin 300 mg proved to be sufficient to cure 97.4% of the patients. Follow-up examination revealed only 4 cases of Neisseria gonorrhoea left. Already 3 days after therapy, the clinical symptoms had subsided in 84.1% of the patients. The substance was well-tolerated. Side effects were observed in 14.5% of the cases, being mild and transitory, though. Good and antibacterial efficacy of rosoxacin in vitro as well as the high healing quotient in combination with the shortest possible duration of therapy make Winuron a valuable alternative to penicillin.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1981

The role of the cardiac nerves in regulation of sodium excretion in conscious dogs.

Conscious, chronically instrumented dogs, maintained on a high sodium intake, were used to investigate whether surgical cardiac denervation impairs the natriuresis associated with left atrial pressure increase produced in three ways: during an increase in left atrial pressure by means of a reversible mitral stenosis (protocol 1); after an i.v. saline load (1.0 ml 0.9% saline min-1 . kg-1 over 60 min) (protocol 2); after an oral saline load (14.5 mmol Na . kg-1 given with the food as isotonic solution) (protocol 3). During a reversible mitral stenosis, in intact dogs, urine volume and sodium excretion increased markedly (from 34--145 microliters . min-1 . kg-1 and from 3--12 mumol . min-1 . kg-1); mean arterial pressure increased by an average of 2 kPa (15 mm Hg) and heart rate by 53 b/min; plasma renin activity fell from 0.37--0.21 ng AI . ml-1 . h-1 . Cardiac denervation eliminated these effects of left atrial distension except for a small increase in heart rate (12 b/min). This indicates that the natriuresis and diuresis during left atrial distension resulted from stimulation of receptors located in the left atrium. In contrast, during protocol 2 and 3, the same amounts of sodium and water were excreted in the cardiac denervated dogs as compared to the intact dogs. A comparable decrease in plasma renin activity also was observed. -- Apparently the presence of the cardiac nerves is not a prerequisite for maintenance of sodium and water homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Acute aortic thrombosis (author's transl)].

A case of acute thrombosis of the aorta is described; it extended from the superior mesenteric artery to the bifurkation and was probably due to oestrogen medication. The clinical features and diagnosis of this rare condition are described. The condition usually develops against a background of advanced arteriosclerosis and is initiated by certain haemodynamic factors such as intimal damage from blunt trauma, emboli or the thrombogenic effect of oestrogens. The symptoms, such as pain, absent pulses etcetera are the result of ischaemia and depend on the extent of the lesion. A definite radiological diagnosis can only be made by means of aortography, if necessary with oblique projections. The Seldinger technique with a femoral or axillary approach is the method of choice. Aortography shows a filling defect and occasionally a collateral circulation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Effects of bacterial peritonitis on the low-pressure system in man].

The effective compliance (C) of the "low-pressure system" has been measured in ten patients with bacterial peritonitis by means of plotting pressure and volume on the first postoperative day (deltaV = 500 ml/10 min). The value of C is decreased in one group of patients, while it increases to as much as five times that of "normal patients" in the other. The cause might be a summation effect of hypovolemia, blood volume shift from intra- to extrathoracic space, and endotoxin reaction on the tone of vascular smooth muscle. The augmentation of the intravascular volume results in an increase of portal venous pressure, which is less than central venous pressure. Splanchnic pooling through increased vascular resistance does not appear.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

[Varied circulatory effects after rapid infusion of hydroxyethyl starch, dextran 60 and blood in the postoperative patient].

The acute hemodynamic effects which occur after a quick infusion (500 ml per 10 minutes) of hydroxyethyl starch, dextran 60 or autologous blood with identical hematocrit were studied in three groups of 10 patients each on the first day after laparotomy. If blood is infused there is only a moderate increase of the total perfusion (+18%) observed, however hydroxyethyl starch or dextran 60 infusions result in a striking increase of the cardiac output (+34%, +44%, respectively). There is no significant difference among the latter two groups. Thus, hydroxyethyl starch as well as dextran 60 can be considered as a potent volume substitute, if an acute effectiveness is wanted.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed1978

[Water diuresis during methohexitone anaesthesia. Studies in chronically instrumented dogs (author's transl)].

Seven chronically prepared dogs (electromagnetic flow transducers around the pulmonary and left renal artery, left atrial catheter) maintained on a controlled sodium and water intake were studied. About 20 h after the last intake of food and water, the effects of i.v. methohexitone (initial dose: 6.10 +/- 0.84 mg/kg bw; sustaining infusion: 0.34 +/- 0.10 mg/min.kg bw) on renal excretion of sodium, potassium, urea and water as well as on several haemodynamic values were investigated over a period of 60 min (MP) after a control period (CP) of 60 min in the unanaesthetized state. In 18 of 19 experiments water diuresis (U/Posm less than 1) was observed between 20 and 40 min after starting the administration of methohexitone. Urine volume increased from 44 +/- 21 microliter/min.kg bw (CP) to 104 +/- 62 microliter/min.kg bw (MP).I.v. administration of arginine-vasopressin (ADH) completely abolished water diuresis. During MP, there was a decrease in cardiac output (-11%), stroke volume (-36%) and left atrial pressure (-27%), heart rate increased (+ 43%). Mean arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow did not change. It is assumed-as plasma osmolality did not change-that the central release of antidiuretic hormone is suppressed by methohexitone.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1978

[Postoperative peritonitis. A contribution on diagnosis].

Symptoms and signs of 18 patients with postoperative bacterial peritonitis were compared with the findings in uncomplicated postoperative cases. Their diagnostic values were examined: 1. Elevated temperature, hyperventilation, and somnolence are relevant, being indicative of bacterial peritonitis and already occurring before the typical findings on abdominal examination. 2. In those patients with peritonitis, hemodynamics, and metabolism are characterized by hyperdynamic circulation, premature arterial hypotension with dry warm skin, and lactate accumulation. 3. Laboratory data often reveal thrombocytemia, leucocytosis with shift to the left, and a relative and absolute hypophosphatemia.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1977

Left atrial pressure and sodium balance in conscious dogs on a low sodium intake.

10 conscious chronically prepared dogs were used. After recovery from thoracotomy (catheter into the left atrium, nylon purse string around the mitral annulus) they were kept chronically on a low sodium intake (less than 0.5 meq Na/kg bw daily). On 51 days left atrial pressure (LAP) was increased for 60 min about 10 cm H2O once daily by tightening the purse string (distension period: DP). During (DP) urine volume (V) increased about threefold, and sodium excretion (ENa) about sixfold. The amount of renal sodium loss on the days when LAP was increased exceeded the daily intake considerably. The application of DOCA (15 mg i.m.) did not diminish ENa during DP and 60 min therere increased by about 15 mm Hg. The data suggest that stimulation of intrathoracic receptors by a reversible mitral stenosis augments renal sodium excretion even in a state of a highly stimulated tubular sodium resorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of Glucose and CO(2) on Nitrate Uptake and Coupled OH Flux in Ankistrodesmus braunii.

In Ankistrodesmus braunii, in the absence of CO(2), i.e. in CO(2)-free air or N(2), photosynthetic nitrate uptake and nitrate reduction were inhibited, especially at low pH. Under such conditions, glucose stimulated nitrate uptake and reduction to almost the same level in the pH range between 6 and 8.5. CO(2) at 0.03% effected an intermediate pH dependence of nitrate uptake; saturating CO(2) concentration (more than 1%) eliminated the pH dependence, as did glucose, but the rates were enhanced compared with glucose. Glucose and, even more, CO(2), drastically reduced the release of nitrite and ammonia to the medium, the stoichiometry between alkalinization of the medium and nitrate uptake (OH(-)/NO(3) (-)) approached 1.Due to the lack of storage vacuoles in Ankistrodesmus, nitrate uptake and nitrate reduction were closely coupled processes whose experimental separation is difficult. The relieving effect of glucose and CO(2) suggests a carrier-mediated nitrate uptake which is more limiting than nitrate reduction and is sensitive to low pH, but which is stabilized by some intermediate originating from an active carbon metabolism.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Comparative studies on the effect of oxygen high pressure (OHP) on different species; with special reference to the organ preservation.

Different species of animals (warm-blooded, poikilotherms and cold-blooded) were exposed to oxygen high pressure (OHP) (1-4 ata) for 2-8 h. OHP revealed (a) a different vulnerability in various species; (b) an inverse correlation between basal oxygen consumption and their vulnerability; (c) the critical point of the toxic effect of OHP in normothermia was an exposition time of 2 h with 2 ata OHP; (d) morphological changes of lung, CNS and vessels -- intense folding of alveolar septa with cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy; (e) electron-microscopical demonstration of damaged endothelial cells with total or partial occlusion of the capillaries.

Animals↗