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Biomedical subjects

R Edelman

Publications and source records attributed to R Edelman.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Specific role of each human leukocyte type in viral infections. II. Phytohemagglutinin-treated lymphocytes as host cells for vesicular stomatitis virus replication in vitro.

The mitogenic agent, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), added to human mixed leukocyte cultures and to lymphocyte cultures converted small lymphocytes into lymphoblasts and increased lymphocyte susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Maximum virus yields were 30- to 1,000-fold higher in PHA-treated than in control cultures. VSV replicated to peak titers before lymphocytes were morphologically transformed by PHA, and virus titers fell as lymphoblast destruction began. PHA neither induced significant VSV replication in polymorphonuclear leukocyte cultures, nor increased the large virus yields in monocyte cultures. The treatment of PHA with heat, digestive enzymes, rabbit anti-PHA serum and serial dilutions failed to dissociate that portion of the PHA extract responsible for the conversion of lymphocytes into virus-susceptible cells from those components responsible for leukoagglutination or lymphocyte transformation.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1967

Specific role of each human leukocyte type in viral infections. I. Monocyte as host cell for vesicular stomatitis virus replication in vitro.

Each major leukocyte type of the peripheral blood of healthy donors was studied in vitro for its ability to support vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication. Purified cultures of each white blood cell type were prepared by the selective adsorption and elution of cells from silicone-treated glass beads. It was found that monocytes and macrophages (derived from the rapid transformation of monocytes in vitro) were the principal host cells for VSV replication. Interferon added to mixed leukocyte cultures, prior to virus inoculation, reduced virus yields and prevented destruction of macrophages. Cultures of small lymphocytes, containing no detectable monocytes or macrophages, produced amounts of virus equivalent to 1% of that produced in leukocyte cultures which contained 7% monocytes. Small lymphocytes did not undergo demonstrable cytopathic alterations in virus-infected cultures. VSV neither replicated nor produced cytopathic effects in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1966

Vesicular stomatitis virus replication in human leukocyte cultures: enhancement by phytohemagglutinin.

The replication of vesicular stomatitis virus in human leukocyte cultures shows that virus yields can be enhanced 6-to 180-fold by treating the leukocyte cultures with phytohemagglutinin prior to virus inoculation. Data suggest that a substance is produced in phytohemagglutinin-treated leukocyte cultures which is capable, on transfer to fresh leukocytes, of inducing blast cell formation and enhancing virus replication.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary neopterin in volunteers experimentally infected with Plasmodium falciparum.

To investigate the kinetics of monocyte/macrophage activation in falciparum malaria we determined urinary neopterin values serially in experimentally infected volunteers. Three subjects who had been immunized with irradiated sporozoites via mosquito bites served as controls. These individuals remained aparasitaemic, afebrile and without a rise in neopterin after challenge by infective mosquitoes. Four non-immune subjects developed Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia, fever (3 of 4) and sharp rises in neopterin. Parasite densities reached 10-100 parasitized erythrocytes per microliter before elevations in temperature or neopterin levels were detected. Onset of fever preceded the rise in neopterin excretion by one day. Prompt chemotherapy was associated with the clearance of parasites from the blood and the return of temperature and neopterin levels to normal.

Biopterins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extension of the volunteer challenge model to study South American cholera in a population of volunteers predominantly with blood group antigen O.

The volunteer challenge model was used to study the virulence of strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor recently isolated from cases of cholera in South America. Fifteen of the 24 volunteers (62%) were of blood group O, the group most prevalent in South America and the group at increased risk of more severe cholera. Two El T or Inaba strains and 2 El Tor Ogawa strains were given to volunteers at a dose of 1-2 x 10(6) colony-forming units. All 4 strains caused diarrhoea in 67-83% of volunteers. Volunteers with blood group antigen O had an increased attack rate for diarrhoea (P = 0.015) and a marginally increased mean diarrhoeal stool volume (P = 0.08) after challenge. One-third of the volunteers with blood group O, and none of the volunteers with other blood groups, developed severe diarrhoea (> 5 L) (P = 0.01). This study established a model of South American cholera that can be used to predict field efficacy of candidate vaccines among populations with a high prevalence of blood group antigen O.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vaccine adjuvants.

Nonreplicating, purified subunit or synthetic viral vaccines of the future are likely to be weak immunogens that will require immunopotentiation if they are to be effective. These marginal vaccines could be improved by combination with potent and safe immunologic adjuvants. The use of adjuvants should also reduce the amount of purified antigen required for successful immunization, thus making vaccine production more economical and more feasible. It may be possible to combine the recently developed relatively nontoxic synthetic immunoregulators of low molecular weight with antigens in order to modulate preselected compartments of the immune system. To date, the question of adjuvant safety has not been resolved and represents the major obstacle to the orderly development of adjuvanted vaccines. The fear of inducing cancer and other immediate or long-term perturbations of the immune system must be patently and rationally overcome by basic and applied experimentation and by the development of appropriate guidelines for studies in humans.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Socioeconomic and behavioral factors leading to acquired bacterial resistance to antibiotics in developing countries.

In developing countries, acquired bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is common in isolates from healthy persons and from persons with community-acquired infections. Complex socioeconomic and behavioral factors associated with antibiotic resistance, particularly regarding diarrheal and respiratory pathogens, in developing tropical countries, include misuse of antibiotics by health professionals, unskilled practitioners, and laypersons; poor drug quality; unhygienic conditions accounting for spread of resistant bacteria; and inadequate surveillance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis c and cirrhotic liver disease in the Nile delta of Egypt: a community-based study.

Residents of Egypt's Nile river delta have among the world's highest seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To assess the impact of HCV on chronic liver disease, we studied the association between HCV, other hepatitis viruses, and cirrhotic liver disease in a cross-sectional, community-based survey of 801 persons aged > or = 10 years living in a semi-urban, Nile delta village. Residents were systematically sampled using questionnaires, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography and serologically for antibodies to HCV (confirmed by a third-generation immunoblot assay) and to hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV). The seroprevalence of HCV increased with age from 19% in persons 10-19 years old to about 60% in persons 30 years and older. Although no practices that might facilitate HCV transmission were discovered, the seroprevalence of HCV was significantly associated with remote (> 1 year) histories of schistosomiasis. Sonographic evidence of cirrhosis was present in 3% (95% CI: 1%, 4%) of the population (0.7% of persons under 30 years of age and in 5% of older persons), and was significantly associated with HCV seroreactivity. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that past mass parenteral chemotherapy campaigns for schistosomiasis facilitated HCV transmission, and that HCV may be a major cause of the high prevalence of liver cirrhosis in this Nile village.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibular regeneration.

Total regeneration of an osteotomized fibula is rarely reported in the literature. An extensive literature review failed to identify a publication addressing this specific topic. The following manuscript describes such an event where the fibula was used as a source of autogenous bone graft. A case report with long-term follow-up is also presented.

Bone Cysts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital absence of the tibial sesamoid: a report of two cases.

Congenital absence of the tibial sesamoid is a rare condition that has been infrequently reported in the podiatric literature. Two cases of congenital absence of the tibial sesamoid are presented with an associated hallux abducto valgus deformity. The role of a weakened medial flexor hallucis brevis tendon as a predisposing factor leading to a hallux abducto valgus deformity is discussed.

Adult↗