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Biomedical subjects

R E Wright

Publications and source records attributed to R E Wright.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Changes in life expectancy of mentally retarded persons in Canadian institutions: a 12-year comparison.

A 12-year comparison of changes in the distribution of age, sex and level of functioning, as well as in life expectancy for mentally retarded persons in Canadian institutions has been reported. The major findings of the study corroborate, for the most part, studies from other parts of the developed world despite differences in measures of mortality. Several trends have emerged from the data which will have implications for long-term planning.

Actuarial Analysis↗

Adult age similarities in free recall output order and strategies.

Adult age differences on a variety of free recall measures were examined. Although primary memory capacity was found to be the same in young and old adults, there was a smaller recency effect in the older group. Recall of primacy items was also less for that group. However, the pattern of serial position effects was the same for the two age groups. Similarly, there was no age difference in the development of the strategy of recalling recency items early in the output sequence. Young adults showed the typical negative recency effect in final free recall, and old adults the absence of a positive recency effect. The results indicate that the lower level of recall of old, relative to young, adults cannot be attributed to a qualitative difference in the way the two age groups approach a free recall task.

Adult↗

Adult age differences in frequency judgments of categorical representations.

Adult age differences were examined for relative frequency judgments on a task in which categories had either zero, one, three, or five instances in a study list. Judgments required selecting from pairs of category names which member had the greater representation of instances in the prior list. Contrary to the results obtained in earlier studies using a task in which discrete events vary in frequency of occurrence, an age difference favoring young adults over elderly adults in accuracy of frequency judgments was found for categories. Neither instructional variation (incidental learning vs. intentional learning) nor variation in priming (cuing vs. noncuing with the list of categories prior to the study trial) yielded either main effects or interaction effects with age. The results were interpreted in terms of an age deficit in either the storage or the retrieval of memory traces of category names established by the automatic elicitation of implicit associative responses to instances of taxonomic categories.

Adolescent↗

Frequency of bluetongue and bovine parvovirus infection in cattle in South Carolina dairy herds.

A survey of South Carolina diary cattle in 12 commercial herds was conducted, using serologic testing to determine the frequency and impact on reproduction of bluetongue (BT) and bovine parvovirus (BFV) infections. Results of the study of serum antibodies titers and dairy cattle health records indicated that the majority of the cattle surveyed was adequately protected against the major reproductive tract diseases through vaccination programs. The frequency of reproductive dysfunction was common in vaccinated herds, however. Six of the 12 herds in the survey had cattle which were BT serotest reactors, although total numbers of these reactor cattle were relatively small. Further, reproductive performance of reactor cows indicated that BT was of little consequence and was not associated with reproductive problems. All herds contained BPV serotest reactors and the latter comprised 59.7% of the total number of cows surveyed. The BPV seroreactor cows were commonly associated with the group of reproductive problem cows which experienced higher rates of embryonic mortality and more services per conception than did nonreactor cattle. The results of the survey emphasize the need for continued investigation and efforts to control BT, and especially BPV infection, in dairy cattle.

Abortion, Septic↗

Possible "immuno-protection" of the bovine parvovirus in the uterus: Preliminary communication.

A pregnant Holstein cow was experimentally inoculated with bovine parvovirus. Approximately five weeks after the last of three injections, the animal aborted a fetus which showed signs of mummification. Virus particles similar to bovine parvovirus were identified by electron microscopy from fetal lung tissue and intestinal contents. Five months after the abortion, the experimental animal died of a corynebacterial metritis and septicemia. Immunofluorescence tests were performed on representative tissues obtained at necropsy. Of all tissues examined only the uterus showed a positive response to the immunofluorescence assay, indicating that the viral antigen persisted in the uterine environment long after its elimination from the systemic circulation.

Journal Article↗

Aging, divided attention, and processing capacity.

The performance of young and old adults was compared in two different situations to investigate the reasons why the latter are especially poor at divided attention tasks. Although the two experimental tasks were quite different, one a single task and the other time-sharing, task difficulty was manipulated in a similar fashion in both situations. Specifically, in both tasks difficulty was varied by manipulation of number of items to be rehearsed and number of mental operations necessary for successful performance. The most salient difference in task demands, that is, divided versus nondivided attention, had little effect on results. Performance of both age groups declined as task difficulty increased, with the decline being greater and more rapid for the older subjects. Results are discussed in terms of competition for limited processing capacity in working memory.

Adolescent↗

Risk management: a management-oriented program implemented through the medical director's office.

General management approaches can be applied effectively to a medical facility's risk management program. By centralizing organizational structure, anticipating and controlling risk, investigating claims liabilities, and educating the medical and administrative staffs and other hospital employees, the risk management staff at Geisinger Medical Center has established a solid base for an effective program. Moreover, the risk manager "makes rounds" throughout the institution to obtain a firsthand view of risk control in action. Conversely, physicians and nurses "rotate" through the risk manager's office to learn more about the program and their vital roles in its success. Even though the concept of risk management is fairly new, the staff at Geisinger Medical Center already is using the information generated by incident reports, medical care evaluations, utilization reports, and claims investigations to enhance its understanding of the risk control program. By encouraging the involvement and the support of medical and administrative staffs, and by using a management-oriented approach, the administration of the Geisinger Medical Center believes its risk management program has a solid foundation and a strong framework for success.

Financial Management↗

Oxygen in the home.

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Community Health Nursing↗

Malignant lymphoma of thenasopharyns in waldenström's macroglobulinemia: report of a case with severe epistaxis.

An elderly woman with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia of four years' duration developed repeated severe epistaxis. This led to the discovery of a large malignant lymphoma of the nasopharynx. The clinical features of this rare case are discussed in relation to our present understanding of WM. Epistaxis in macroglobulinemic patients may be associated with anatomic lesions of the nasopharynx.

Chlorambucil↗

Papillomas of the nasal and paranasal cavities.

Intranasal papilloma is an uncommon, benign tumor of the nasal cavity and, by extension, the paranasal sinuses. It occurs only once for every 25 cases of ordinary nasal polyps. A recent case is reported, followed by a summary of the cases treated at the Emory University Hospitals in the last ten years. The histologic classification is reviewed, as well as current treatment, with an emphasis on wide surgical excision through the lateral rhinotomy approach. Because about 10% of these tumors will have associated malignancy, guidelines are given to insure that this malignant transformation is not missed.

Adult↗