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Biomedical subjects

R E Weller

Publications and source records attributed to R E Weller.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Intravesical instillation of dilute formalin for treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in two dogs.

Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide therapy was diagnosed in 2 dogs. Clinical signs included pollakiuria, hematuria, and stranguria. The signs were progressive and referable to long-term oral cyclophosphamide administration. Dilute (1%) formalin was used to treat the hemorrhagic cystitis. Clinical control of hemorrhage was achieved in both cases, and hemorrhage did not recur.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subcortical connections of subdivisions of inferior temporal cortex in squirrel monkeys.

On the basis of cortical connections and architectonics, inferior temporal (IT) cortex of squirrel monkeys consists of a caudal, prestriate-recipient region, ITC; a rostral region, ITR; and possibly an intermediate region along the border of ITC and ITR, "ITI" (Weller & Steele, 1992). ITC contains dorsal (ITCd) and ventral (ITCV) areas. The subcortical connections of these subdivisions of IT cortex were determined in the present study from the results of cortical injections of wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, [3H]-amino acids and fast blue. ITC and ITR receive afferents from the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, nucleus annularis, central superior nucleus, pontine reticular formation, lateral hypothalamus, paracentral nucleus, and central medial nucleus; send efferents to the superior colliculus, reticular nucleus, and striatum; and have both afferent and efferent connections with the pretectum, pulvinar, claustrum, amygdala, and basal nucleus of Meynert. ITC and ITR have different patterns of connections with a number of subcortical structures, including the pulvinar and amygdala. Injections in ITC strongly label multiple nuclei of the inferior pulvinar and the medial division of the lateral pulvinar (PLM), and moderately label the medial pulvinar (PM), whereas injections in ITR strongly label PM and moderately label PLM. Injections in ITC label sparse projections to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, in contrast to injections in ITR that label strong projections to the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala. Injections in "ITI" produce a pattern of subcortical label that has some features of that observed from injections in ITC and that observed from injections in ITR. Although most of the connections of ITCd and ITCv appear similar, only injections involving ITCd label the middle nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIM). Comparison of the subcortical connections of subdivisions of IT cortex in squirrel monkeys and what is presently known of the subcortical connections of subdivisions of IT cortex in macaque monkeys supports the previous suggestion that ITC of squirrel monkeys may be comparable to area TEO of macaques, ITI may be comparable to posterior area TE, and ITR may be comparable to anterior area TE (Weller & Steele, 1992).

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Qualitative and quantitative features of axons projecting from caudal to rostral inferior temporal cortex of squirrel monkeys.

On the basis of cortical and subcortical connections and architectonics, inferior temporal (IT) cortex of squirrel monkeys consists of a caudal region, ITC, with dorsal (ITCd) and ventral (ITCv) subdivisions; a rostral region, ITR; and possibly a third region intermediate to ITC and ITR, ITI (Weller & Steele, 1992; Steele & Weller, 1993). The present study qualitatively and quantitatively examined the terminal arborizations of 26 axons in ITR and ITI labeled by injections of biocytin or, in one case, horseradish peroxidase, in ITCv. The majority of axons gave rise to a single terminal arbor, with a small number branching into two overlapping or nearby arbors. Presumptive terminal specializations consisted of rounded, bead-like swellings, most often located en passant. All axons terminated in layer 4 of cortex, and most had additional terminations in layers 3 and 5. The total extent of each axon's terminal arbor was 125-750 microns dorsoventrally (mean = 360.6 microns) and 150-725 microns anteroposteriorly (mean = 328.1 microns; all values uncorrected for shrinkage). In most axons, especially those with larger terminal fields, boutons were not uniformly distributed, but formed 2-4 clumps (mean = 2.2), with a mean width of 149 microns, separated by narrower regions of fewer boutons. Based on a cluster analysis of characteristics of the 26 axons, axons projecting from caudal (ITCv) to rostral (ITR or ITI) IT cortex of squirrel monkeys comprised three groups that we called Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I axons, the smallest in area extent of terminal arbor, terminated predominantly in dorsal ITR. Type III axons, largest in areal extent, and Type II axons, intermediate in areal extent, terminated in ventral ITR and throughout ITI. The three classes of axons may correspond to different types of visual information entering rostral IT cortex. The clumping of boutons suggests that individual axons terminate in limited patches within their terminal fields.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of X- and Y-cell retinogeniculate terminations in kittens.

The cat retinogeniculocortical pathways are organized chiefly into two parallel independent neuronal streams, one involving X-cells of the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus, and the other, Y-cells. Development of the Y-cell pathway is more seriously affected by visual deprivation than is the X-cell pathway and we reasoned that some insight into the underlying mechanisms of these effects could be gained from studies of normal development. We therefore injected horseradish peroxidase into physiologically identified X- and Y-cell retinogeniculate axons to examine the postnatal development of their terminations in kittens. As we report here, at 3-4 weeks of age, most optic tract axons can be identified physiologically as members of the X- or Y-cell class. X-cell terminal fields in lamina A or A1 are wider at 3-4 weeks than they are in adults, while Y-cell terminal fields are narrower than in adults. During the second and third postnatal months, X-cell terminal arbors progressively contract while Y-cell arbors expand so that, by 12 weeks of age, the adult pattern is seen. These data, and the results of our earlier study of the effects of monocular lid suture on these terminal arbors, suggest that enlargement of Y-cell terminations in geniculate lamina A or A1 during development may be accompanied by competitive pruning of X-cell terminations within these same laminae.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous cardiomyopathy resembling acute rheumatic heart disease in an owl monkey.

A wild-caught male Aotus vociferans died spontaneously during quarantine. Histologic examination of the heart showed several small myocardial arteries replaced with fibrinoid necrosis and adjacent inflammation that included lymphocytes and large histiocytic cells. Less often, similar inflammatory foci were observed in the myocardium interstitium. The lesions observed in the heart of the owl monkey resembled Aschoff bodies.

Acute Disease↗