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Biomedical subjects

R E Weller

Publications and source records attributed to R E Weller.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Urinary enzyme concentrations in the owl monkey (Aotus nancymae).

The activity of three urinary enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), was evaluated in 71 adult owl monkeys. Fifty-six animals had normal renal function, while 15 had evidence of renal dysfunction. Urinary enzyme: urinary creatinine ratios (UE: UCr) were also determined. The activity for NAG was similar to that of other species, while ALP and AST were higher. Regression analyses revealed that urinary enzymes and UE:UCr were significantly correlated (P < or = 0.0001) with indices of renal damage and could identify active renal disease.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of blood and urine analytes between two karyotypes of owl monkey, Aotus nancymae and Aotus vociferans.

Serum and urine analytes were compared between two karyotypes of owl monkey, Aotus nancymae and A. vociferans, to determine if normative clinical pathology data obtained from one karyotype were applicable to the other. Statistically significant differences (P < or = 0.05) were noted in serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum urea nitrogen, urine calcium, calcium clearance, and fractional clearance of calcium between the two karyotypes. The results suggest that A. vociferans regulate calcium-phosphorus and electrolyte homeostasis in a manner different from that of A. nancymae.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cortical connections of subdivisions of inferior temporal cortex in squirrel monkeys.

Patterns of cortical connections and architectonics were used to determine subdivisions of inferior temporal (IT) cortex of squirrel monkeys. Single or multiple injections of the tracers wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase, Fast Blue, Diamidino Yellow, Fluoro-Gold, and 3H-amino acids were placed into IT cortex. Most injections were placed in caudal IT cortex in the region previously shown to receive input from the caudal subdivision of the Dorsolateral Area, DLC; additional injections were placed in more rostral IT cortex. The results indicate the presence of two major regions: a caudal region, ITC, and a rostral region, ITR. An intermediate region of cortex along the ITC-ITR border that displays some connections of ITC and some connections of ITR may be another area. ITC contains a more myelinated dorsal area, ITCd, and a larger ventral area, ITCv. Both ITCd and ITCv receive a major projection from DLC; additional input from DLR, MT, and VII; and send strong projections to ITR, the lateral bank of the superior temporal sulcus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Only ITCd has strong connections with DLR and cortex in the depths of the superior temporal sulcus, and only ITCv has connections with lateral orbital cortex. The overall pattern of connections between ITC and DLC suggests that ITC has a crude topographic organization, with dorsal cortex representing the lower field and ventral cortex representing the upper field. ITR differs from ITC by receiving little if any input from DLC; projecting to inferior temporal polar cortex, the rostral Sylvian fissure, and medial orbital cortex; and having a less distinct layer IV. Comparison of subdivisions of inferior temporal cortex defined in the present study in squirrel monkeys and those reported in other primates suggests that ITC of squirrel monkeys may correspond to area TEO of macaque monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunophenotypic characterization of owl monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

A two-phase study was initiated to delineate the peripheral blood lymphocyte populations present in owl monkeys and to correlate those populations with immune response and parasitism during malaria infection. The goal of phase I of the study was to elucidate a monoclonal antibody panel that could be used to characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations with flow cytometric techniques. Forty-two monoclonal antibodies (reported to be reactive with human and macaque lymphocyte antigens) were screened for activity to owl monkey PBMC. Eleven monoclonals were found to react: anti-H42A (MHC Class II DP-like); anti-TH14B (MHC Class II DR-like); and anti-TH81A5 (MHC Class II DQ-like); anti-H58A (MHC Class I); anti-DH59B (granulocyte and monocyte); anti-B1 (B cell); anti-T4 (CD4); anti-Leu3a (CD4); anti-Leu11a (CD16); anti-60.3 (CD18); and anti-OKM1 (NK and monocyte). In a preliminary retrospective study correlating antibody titers, parasitemia values, and MHC Class I and Class II marker profiles on PBMC to test antigens used in malaria vaccine trials, a significant negative association was observed between cells bearing MHC Class II molecules and the other elements of the comparison. In summary, an appropriate panel of monoclonal antibodies has been identified for characterizing PBMC in owl monkeys, and preliminary studies indicate a possible association between clinical outcome and expressed phenotypic PBMC markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Impaired renal function in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymai) infected with Plasmodium falciparum.

Impaired renal function was observed in sixteen Aotus nancymai 25 and 3 months following infection with the Uganda Palo Alto strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Decrease were noted in the clearance of endogenous creatinine, creatinine excretion, and urine volume while increases were observed in serum urea nitrogen, urine protein, urine potassium, fractional excretion of phosphorus and potassium, and activities of urinary enzymes. The results were suggestive of glomerulonephropathy and chronic renal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Susceptibility of owl monkeys to Plasmodium falciparum in relation to hemoglobin and karyotype.

Humans with inherited abnormalities of hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis have less frequent and less severe infections of malaria. This study sought to determine if karyotypic variation in the owl monkey was expressed as differences in Hb moieties and if it offered a selective advantage in susceptibility to malaria. Five karyotypes of owl monkey were evaluated on the basis of the electrophoretic mobility of their major and minor Hb components. The results of 40 owl monkeys of different karyotypes demonstrated that statistically significant differences exist among karyotype I animals and those with karyotypes II, III, and V, particularly with regard to their HbA2 concentrations. This finding is of interest in light of the fact that karyotype I animals are considered to be less susceptible to infection with human strains of Plasmodium falciparum than karyotypes II, III, and V, which are viewed as being highly susceptible.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous cardiomyopathy and nephropathy in the owl monkey (Aotus sp.) in captivity.

Clinical and pathologic data were reviewed for 72 owl monkeys that died between January 1987 and May 1990 at the Center for Reproduction and Conservation of Nonhuman Primates in Iquitos, Peru. Tissue samples from 39 animals were examined. Hypertrophic cardiac disease (51% of animals examined), dilative cardiomyopathy (26%), and nephropathy (87%) were the most common diagnoses. The incidence of all three diseases appeared to increase with time in captivity. Nephropathy was less severe in colony-born animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a dog.

Extraosseous chondrosarcomas are uncommon in the dog, and those originating in the lung are rare. This report presents a 9-year-old Beagle dog with a pulmonary mass which caused depression, fever, tachypnea, cough, and laboratory abnormalities. The mass was composed predominantly of chondroid tissue, and was histologically diagnosed as chondrosarcoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Radiographically determined growth dynamics of primary lung tumors induced in dogs by inhalation of plutonium.

Beagles were exposed to aerosols of 239PuO2, 238PuO2, or 239Pu(NO3)4. Exponential growth constants for 50 primary lung tumors (23 bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, 22 papillary adenocarcinomas, 5 adenosquamous carcinomas) were calculated in 37 dogs, using sequential thoracic radiography. A wide range in doubling time (6 to 287 days) was observed. Mean +/- SEM doubling time was 93 +/- 10 days for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 107 +/- 13 days for papillary adenocarcinoma, and 101 +/- 36 days for adenosquamous carcinoma. Lung tumor growth rate in dogs was comparable to that in human patients with similar histologic tumor types. Linear regression analysis revealed significant (P < or = 0.0001) correlation between doubling time and survival of individual dogs. Doubling time was not significantly dependent on tumor type, sex, age at time of diagnosis, initial lung deposition, or isotope. Extrapolating time to tumor onset from tumor doubling time cannot be used to reliably predict the onset of malignancy.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Naturally occurring aortic aneurysms in owl monkeys (Aotus spp.).

Spontaneous aortic aneurysms were diagnosed in 22 owl monkeys (Aotus spp.) at necropsy. There were 6 males and 16 females. Clinical findings varied including weight loss, weakness, and lethargy and were not present in all animals. Aortic lesions ranged in size from 2 mm to 3 cm in diameter. Nineteen of the aneurysms were classified histologically as dissecting and three as saccular. Lesions occurred less often in karyotype I monkeys than in karyotype II or III monkeys. The etiopathogenesis of aortic aneurysm in owl monkeys is unknown.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1991

Cortical connections of the caudal subdivision of the dorsolateral area (V4) in monkeys.

Evidence suggests that all primates have rostral and caudal subdivisions in the region of visual cortex identified as the dorsolateral area (DL) or V4. However, the connections of DL/V4 have not been examined in terms of these subdivisions. To determine the cortical connections of the caudal subdivision of DL (DLC) in squirrel monkeys, injections of the neuroanatomical tracers wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, Diamidino Yellow, and Fluoro-Gold were made in cortex rostral to V II. To aid in delineating the borders of DLC, cortex was also evaluated architectonically. Based on similar patterns of connections, DLC extends from dorsolateral to ventrolateral cortex. DLC receives strong, feedforward input from V II and projects in a feedforward fashion to the rostral subdivision of DL (DLR) and caudal inferior temporal (IT) cortex, including a separate location in the inferior temporal sulcus. DLC has weaker connections with V I, the middle temporal area (MT), cortex rostral to MT in the location of the fundal superior temporal area (FST), cortex dorsal to DLC, ventral cortex rostral to V II, and cortex in the frontal lobe, lateral to the inferior arcuate sulcus. Only lateral DLC has connections with V I, and only dorsolateral DLC has connections with cortex dorsal to DLC. The topographic organization of DLC was inferred from its connections with V II. Thus, dorsolateral DLC represents the lower field, lateral DLC represents central vision, and ventrolateral DLC represents the upper field. Limited observations were made on DLR. Confirming earlier observations (Cusick and Kaas: Visual Neurosci. 1:211, 1988), DLR is paler than DLC myeloarchitectonically. DLR receives only sparse feedforward input from V II, but stronger input from DLC. DLR has strong connections with cortex just rostral to dorsal V II, ventral posterior parietal cortex in the sylvian fissure, MT, the medial superior temporal area, FST, and the inferior temporal sulcus. DLR also shares connections with IT cortex. Thus, while both DLC and DLR are involved in the pathway relaying visual information to IT cortex, an area specialized for object vision, DLR also projects densely to areas such as MT involved in the pathway relaying to posterior parietal cortex, a region specialized for spatial localization and motion perception.

Amidines↗
PubMed1991

Cortical connections of dorsal cortex rostral to V II in squirrel monkeys.

A region of dorsal cortex along the rostral border of V II has been described as comprising a visual area or areas separate from more lateral cortex in both New and Old World primates. To evaluate these possibilities in squirrel monkeys, we studied patterns of cortical connections by injecting Fast Blue, Fluoro-Gold, horseradish peroxidase, and wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase into the dorsal region and related results to distinctions in myeloarchitecture. Our major conclusions are as follows. 1) The dorsal region (D) has distinctly different connections from the area found laterally, the caudal subdivision of the dorsolateral area (DLC). These include major connections with the rostral subdivision of the dorsolateral area (DLR), ventral posterior parietal cortex in the Sylvian fissure, the middle temporal area (MT), the medial superior temporal area (MST), ventral cortex just rostral to V II, and cortex in the inferior temporal sulcus. Weaker connections are with V I, V II, DLC, the fundal superior temporal area (FST), and the frontal lobe. In contrast, DLC has strong connections with V II and inferior temporal (IT) cortex, weaker connections with DLR, and lacks connections with ventral posterior parietal cortex (Steele et al: J Comp Neurol 306:495-520, 1991). 2) Caudal and rostral aspects of dorsal cortex differ in the magnitude of connections with V I, V II, DLR, and FST. These differences are consistent with the previous proposal that at least two visual areas, caudal and rostral, occupy the dorsal region in squirrel monkeys (Krubitzer and Kaas: Visual Neurosci 5:165, 1990), but they could also reflect regional differences in the connections of a single visual area. 3) The dorsal region is more densely myelinated than surrounding cortex; however, rostral aspects of dorsal cortex are less myelinated than caudal aspects, again suggesting the existence of at least two areas. 4) The distinctiveness of connections between dorsal cortex and rostral as compared to caudal dorsolateral cortex provides further evidence for dividing the region of DL into two visual areas, DLC and DLR (Cusick and Kaas: Visual Neurosci 1:211, 1988; Steele et al: J Comp Neurol 306:495-520, 1991).

Amidines↗
PubMed1991

Serum chemistry of the wild caught karyotype I night monkey (Aotus nancymai).

Serum samples from 254 wild-caught Aotus nancymai were analyzed to determine the reference intervals for serum chemistry parameters in this species. Findings show values of total bilirubin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, urea nitrogen, serum albumin, and gamma glutamic transpeptidase having a non-normal distribution. Based on nonparametric tests, significant differences between male and female values were observed for cholesterol, serum calcium, and gamma glutamic transpeptidase. Males were significantly heavier than females. The reference intervals presented were estimated by the nonparametric percentile method.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Total serum creatine kinase and isozyme concentrations in the owl monkey.

Serum samples from 62 owl monkeys were analyzed to determine concentrations of creatine kinase activity and isozymes. Fifty monkeys were determined to be clinically normal, while twelve had cardiac disease. Findings showed that the data had a non-normal distribution. Based on nonparametric tests, significant differences were not observed between sexes or animals with and without cardiac disease, indicating that CK activity and isozymes are not reliable indicators of myocardial disease in the owl monkey. Reference values presented are only intended as a guide. Each laboratory should determine its own reference values.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Protein concentration in urine of normal owl monkeys.

The excretion of urinary protein was evaluated in 62 owl monkeys using timed urine collections. The ratio of urine protein to urine creatinine concentrations (Up/c) was determined for each monkey. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the correlation between that ratio and urine protein (mg/dl) and 24-hour urinary protein loss (mg/kg). The coefficient of determination for Up/c to urine protein and 24-hour urinary protein loss was significant (P less than or equal to 0.0001). Determination of the Up/c in a urine specimen was found to be an acceptable diagnostic technique for detection and quantitative estimation of proteinuria.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Twinning in the karyotype I night monkey (Aotus nancymai).

A case of successful survival of twins in a Karyotype I (2n = 54) night monkey (Aotus nancymai) is described. Monthly weights of the pregnant female, and of the twins, are compared to those of pregnant females and their single birth offspring of the same sex and karyotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Battelle Primate Facility.

The Battelle Primate Facility houses one of the largest collections of neotropical primates in the United States. The facility is a research resource for undergraduate and graduate students. Battelle staff, as well as staff and faculty from U.S. and international institutions. Researchers have access to the animals for a variety of studies encompassing several disciplines, a large collection of preserved tissues, and an extensive biomedical database. The facility is a World Health Organization Collaborative Center for Clinical Pathology of Neotropical Primates and is involved with the Peruvian Primatological Project in Iquitos, Peru, which provides opportunities for research in primatology and conservation.

Academies and Institutes↗